PSY 201 Section 4 General Psychology Exam 4 Preparation Guide Lecture 17 Psychological Disorders Chapter 14 1 What are the two ways of operationalizing psychopathology Statistical abnormality and social nonconformity 2 What factors influence whether we view behavior as normal or abnormal Situational context cultural relativity subjective distress 3 What is the primary diagnostic tool used and what system does it use DSM 5 categorical 4 How can a diagnosis be a problem How did the Rosenhan study illustrate this Labeling in Rosenhan study mentally ill weren t actually ill 5 What are the primary mood disorders What are the essential features or symptoms of each Major Depressive Disorder sadness despondency hopelessness fatigue Bipolar 1 Disorder Must include mania loud energetic elevated grandiose Bipolar 2 Disorder Milder symptoms hypomania Dysthymia Symptoms that are mild and present for awhile Cyclothymia Seasonal affective disorder 6 What neurotransmitters are implicated in the presence of mood disorders Serotonin Dopamine Post partum hormones 7 What are some reasons we experience anxiety Heredity and environment 8 What are the primary anxiety disorders What are their essential symptoms Generalized anxiety disorder chronic anxiety worrying physiological symptoms restlessness fatigue etc Panic disorder anxiety attacks tunnel vision racing heart nausea fainting shaking Specific phobias Agoraphobia fear of the marketplace Social phobia OCD PTSD 9 How is PTSD different from many other anxiety disorders related hint what is etiology PTSD is the only disorder that requires a specific event for diagnosis Etiology the cause of a disease 10 What treatments are used for anxiety disorders Lecture 18 Psychological Disorders Part II Chapter 14 1 How is psychosis defined What are its two core features and what do they mean Psychosis is a withdrawal from reality marked by hallucinations and delusions disturbed thought and emotions and personality disorganization Core features delusions and hallucinations 2 What is the common feature of almost all psychotic disorders Disordered verbal communication verbal salad 3 What are the six subtypes of delusional disorders Be generally familiar with each e g be able to identify an example Which is most common Erotomanic believing that everyone else is obsessed with you Grandiose believe your ideas are great Mixed a combination of these Jealous not allowing people you love leave your sight Persecutory the government your friends everyone is out to get you Somatic delusions about health ex Brain is full of marbles 4 What are the four subtypes of schizophrenia Disorganized bizarre thinking Catatonic unresponsiveness Undifferentiated psychosis without the specific features of others Paranoid related to a central theme 5 What neurotransmitter has been linked to schizophrenia Dopamine 6 What are the primary clusters of personality disorders Cluster A odd eccentric Paranoid schizoid Cluster B dramatic erratic emotional Antisocial narcissistic borderline Cluster C anxious fearful Avoidant OCD dependent 7 What are the five different personality disorders highlighted What behaviors are typical of those as illustrated by characters in various movies Paranoid someone is out to get them Narcissistic love themselves Antisocial convicts Borderline erratic moods extremely sensitive suicidal Dependent clingy 8 How did early treatment of mental illness start What did our ancestors believe caused psychological problems and how were they treated Trepanning cutting holes into the skull Early treatments were based on the belief in demonology Exorcism was used to cast out evil spirits 9 Other than being the first true psychotherapy why is it important to understand Freudian psychology He looked to help patients gain insight on their inner conflicts 10 According to Freud what is the origin of mental illness What is the main goal of therapy What techniques are used in traditional Freudian psychoanalysis Origin of mental illness repressed memories motives and conflicts Main goal to reduce internal conflicts that lead to emotional suffering Techniques o Free association allowing patient to say whatever comes to mind o Dream analysis analyzing the unconscious thoughts in dreams o Analysis of resistance psychologists can bring resistance a patient resists to talk about something into a patient s awareness o Analysis of transference the tendency of patients to transfer feelings to a therapist that correspond to those the patient had for important reasons in his or her past Lecture 19 Therapies Chapter 15 1 What are the basic aspects or dimensions most therapies can be defined by Insight Action Does the therapy aim to bring clients to a deeper understanding of their thoughts emotions and behavior Directive Nondirective Does the therapist provide strong guidance and advice or merely assist clients Individual Group Does the therapy involve one client or more Open ended Time limited Is the therapy open ended or will it last for only a number of sessions good 2 What are the elements of positive mental health Sense of identity social skills coping strategies good habits of physical health 3 In general what belief are humanistic theories based upon Humanistic theories are based on a belief that people have a desire to be healthy and do 4 What are the three types of humanistic therapies discussed and what people are associated with each Client centered therapy therapist creates an atmosphere of growth o Carl Rogers Existential therapy based on the idea that existence creates anxiety and fear of death o Victor Frankl and logotherapy Gestalt Therapy filling gaps in experience 5 Which techniques are employed by each type of humanistic therapy What is the goal of therapy in each Existential confrontation Gestalt bringing things to a client s awareness like posture gestures voice etc Client centered genuine empathy unconditional positive regard authenticity and reflection 6 What is the role of the therapist in cognitive therapy How does this differ from other theories The therapist tries to directly point out patterns of self defeat 7 What is REBT and who is associated with it What are some common irrational thinking patterns Be able to identify examples Rational emotive behavior therapy Albert Ellis A person who is rejected feels depressed threatened or hurt REBT specialists try to make patients conquer unrealistic beliefs such as that everyone should treat them fairly 8 What makes behavior