Western system requires a careful plan for preparing and developing effective presentations Plan should foster listening comprehension aid in elimination confusion produce a well supported presentation and maintain attention 1 CHAPTER 13 COMM 107 Structure of a Speech Elements of a speech o Introduction o Central idea o Body o Conclusion Introduction Introduction to a speech presented Attention Materials o Personal references gain the listeners attention and orient them to the material that will be Speaker s reason for specific topic Story of personal experience Story has to be relevant to what you re going to talk about Ex story of making a cake and you mess up can be funny o Humorous stories Be relevant Humor should parallel intent of speech Know demographics make sure it is appropriate o Illustrations Stories pictures and slides Vivid language o Rhetorical questions Questions with no outward response expected Having the audience thinking of their answer o Action questions Getting the audience involved in a speech participate o Unusual or dramatic devices Shock value o Quotations related to the theme Quote someone well known o Stating the theme Theme statements indicate exactly what speaker is going to talk about Opening straightforward and mention what you re going to talk about Orienting the Material gives an audience the background necessary to understand the basic material of the speech designed to tie the material to the central idea provide necessary info and establish personal credibility trustworthiness and make the subject important to the listener Make the information relevant to the speaker o Historical background o Defining terms o Personal history tie to the topic o Importance to listeners Most critical parts of the material is related to the audience 2 Purpose Statement What Why How o What is the topic that is being presented o Why is the topic important relevant o Ex voting statistics b c there is an election coming up o How are you going to present the topic o ing demonstrating showing establishing conveying Central Idea Statement of the speech s central idea well organized speech keep the speaker on course for developing a purposeful and o Importance of stating the central idea in a speech cannot be overemphasized Body Body of a speech speaker s central idea major points are placed in structured format develops through major points as well as any subpoints needed to develop the o 3 to 7 major points Method of issue arrangement for the body of a speech spatial arrangement time arrangement topical arrangement casual arrangement comparison contrast arrangement or problem solving arrangement o Spatial arrangement organize info automatically even though they are not aware of it set a point of reference at a specific location and follow a geographical pattern o Time arrangement orders info from beginning point to an ending one with all the steps developed in numerical or time sequence o Topical arrangement ideas can be organized on the basis of their similarities or other relationships explains an idea in terms of its component parts o Casual arrangement shows how two or more events are connected in such a way that if one occurs the other will necessarily follow o Comparison contrast arrangement shows similarities and differences o Problem solution arrangement speaker attempts to identify what is wrong and determine how to cure it or make a recommendation for its cure Alternative to problem solving method is the see blame cure cost method the evil or problem that exists is examined o Major and internal methods of arrangement Conclusion Can be used to summarize motivate listeners Should end with a summary that restates points made Clincher presentation with a final message make it memorable o Types of clinchers attention getters Alternative Methods for Organizing the Speech gives speaker one more chance to reinforce the major ideas presented and then wraps up the
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