Ch 11 Know the history and emergence of battered child syndrome 1962 x ray techs and noticed patterns couldn t be explain by the accidents evidence that child abuse was a problem Creates an opportunity to set up funding etc Brought the medical model of DV to the publics attention Know the history and emergence of domestic abuse and wife beating Correcting your wife barrier to women s equality Which societal conditions helped victims and the recognition of DV The emergence of battered child syndrome the Medical political model of DV the feminist movement Relationship between Feminist movement and recognition of wife beating DV issues Remove cultural support that violence is okay Can t achieve equality if there is still fear Activists worked for changes in the law funds for crisis centers and shelters for battered women Why is there a conflict in the goals for domestic violence laws Reflected a conflict between the goals of preserving the family unit and protecting women and children What was the rule of thumb A husband was allowed to hit his wife with a stick no thicker than his thumb Old English Law Definition of domestic violence Violent acts between family members or between family members or between women and men in intimate or dating relationships Know the medical and political models of domestic abuse what type of solutions do they suggest Political Model relationships of power of authority between men and women deeply rooter in laws and customs that reinforce male dominance requires political action Medical Model DV seen as an illness and cause of injury emphasis wellness and wellbeing syndromes needing treatment through professional intervention Definition of child abuse and consequences for victims e g 30 become abusers Child Abuse serious physical harm trauma sexual abuse with injury or willful malnutrition of a child by an adult with intent to injure Consequences death lower self esteem lack of trust depression behavior problems sexual behaviors cycle abuse Understand the relationship between poverty class and child neglect and abuse patterns of abuse Social Class higher rates of domestic violence among low income than among middle income couples Married couples have lower rates of violence than other couples Social Class with Child abuse children whose parents made 15 000 per year or were uneducated had rates of maltreatment that were five times higher than children whose parents had none of these characteristics More than half of official reports of child abuse are for neglect Know the explanatory theories about domestic violence social learning frustration aggression and social exchange perspectives Social Learning individuals learn behavior they will later exhibit by observing what others do and seeing the consequences of these actions Frustration aggression aggressive behavior occurs when a person is blocked from achieving a goal Social Exchange people calculate whether to engage in a particular behavior by considering the rewards and costs of that behavior and the rewards of alternatives to it What modern factors have contributed to sexual aggression and an increase in acquaintance rape Changes in dating increased period of time of dating on college campuses it is related to alcohol National survey says 4 of adult US women have been forced into sex by an acquaintance Ch 12 What are the three eras of divorce Era of Restricted Divorce the time of restrictive approach toward divorce until about the middle of the 19th century divorces were usually granted only on the grounds of adultery or desertion and generally only to men Era of Divorce Tolerant time of a tolerant approach toward divorce from the middle of the 19th century until in the United States 1970 the grounds for divorce were widened and the divorce was made more accessible to women Era of Unrestricted Divorce the time of a virtually unrestricted access to divorce from in the US 1970 to the present divorces are usually granted without restriction to any married person who wants one What social and individual factors are associated with a greater likelihood of divorce Social Factors no fault divorce legislation state no fault divorce laws produced an initial surge of divorce in the 19702s cultural change emphasis on personal fulfillment made divorce a more acceptable option for people men s employment opportunities men s economic opportunities decreased since the 1970s women s employment opportunities growing opportunities led to a rise in women working outside the home Individual Factors age at marriage race and ethnicity premarital cohabitation parental divorce spouse s similarity What is the process of divorce The co parenting divorce many fathers fade from children s live co parenting vs parallel parenting the economic divorce fathers unable unwilling to pay for kids mothers hit with responsibility of supporting her family alone What are the basic characteristics of remarriage and cohabitation following divorce White non Hispanic men were more likely to remarry African Americans were least likely to remarry 2 3 of divorced women remarry 3 4 of divorced men remarry Cohabitation substituted for remarriage children often present in cohabiting relationships What are the contributing modern factors to the increase in divorce Decreasing influence of religion liberalization of divorce laws cultural change emphasis on personal fulfillment no longer required to be adult women s employment income effect economic opportunity effect national fatherhood initiative promotes responsible fathers Women s employment effects the income effect vs the independence opportunity effect Income Effect employment could lower the likelihood of divorce because the increase in the family s income could relieve financial pressures and thereby reduce tensions in the marriage Independence Effect employment could raise the likelihood of divorce by providing opportunity for the wife to support herself Would make divorce more attractive for wives who are unhappy in their marriage Divorce process for kids pre divorce trauma and crisis period Crisis Period period during the first year or two after parents separate when both the custodial parent and the children experience difficulties in dealing with the situation Sharp loss in income diminished parenting parental conflicts multiple transitions etc Complications of adolescence and complications for parents making parenting more difficult Complications of Adolescence Short term maintaining