Family Problems Final Exam Study Guide Know the history and emergence of battered child syndrome 1962 Pediatricians who had been experiencing an influx of child injury cases allegedly victims of falls conducted a study of the injuries and made claims stating that the injuries the children were sustaining had been the results of child abuse Claims making mobilized forces meaning funding for research and prevention of child abuse started as a result of the claims the doctors made Know the history and emergence of domestic abuse and wife beating Rooted in the patriarchal system of society Violence against women was supported by media and entertainment men were shown abusing their wives and it was socially accepted and condoned Which societal conditions helped victims and the recognition of DV Feminist groups made violence against women a political problem which caused attention to be paid to DV in the late 1970s Feminists show that domestic violence is an important barrier to women s equality Increased cultural emphasis on individualism in marriage and family life Relationship between Feminist movement and recognition of wife beating DV issues The growth of the feminist movement increased society s interest in DV Feminists formed services legal support and hotlines for rape victims initially then they began to deal with sexual and physical violence toward women The fundamental goal was to end social supports for male violence They rallied for more funds centers and prevention programs for DV Why is there a conflict in the goals for domestic violence laws The conflict is between the goals of preserving the family unit and of protecting women and children When intervention was seen as supporting the family it received more support when it was perceived as undermining men s authority and contributing to divorce it received less support What was the rule of thumb A rule that allowed men to beat their wives but only with a stick that was not bigger than his thumb Social support for violence against women Definition of domestic violence Violent acts between family members or between women and men in intimate or dating relationships Know the medical and political models of domestic abuse what type of solutions do they suggest POLITICAL Relationships of power of authority between men and women deeply rooted in laws and customs that reinforce male dominance requires political action MEDICAL DV seen as an illness and cause of injury emphasis wellness and wellbeing syndromes needing treatment through professional intervention Definition of child abuse and consequences for victims e g 30 become abusers Serious physical harm trauma sexual abuse with injury or willful malnutrition of a child by an adult with intent to injure Low self esteem lack of trust death depression cycle of abuse behavioral sexual deviance More likely to become victims in adult relationships What type of abuse constitutes half of all reported cases of child abuse Neglect Understand the relationship between poverty class and child neglect and abuse patterns of abuse Children whose parents had incomes below 15K yr or who had not graduated from high school or who participated in a poverty program had rates of maltreatment that were FIVE times higher than children whose parents had no one of these characteristics National survey says 4 of adult US women have been forced into sex by an acquaintance Know the explanatory theories about domestic violence social learning frustration aggression and social exchange perspectives Social Learning The theory that individuals learn behavior they will later exhibit by observing what others do an seeing the consequences of these actions so children from violent homes are said to learn by observation and personal experience that aggressive behavior is an acceptable way of controlling others and getting what you want Frustration Aggression The theory that aggressive behavior occurs when a person is blocked from achieving a goal violence is seen as an emotional outburst of displaced anger when a person is blocked from achieving a personal goal such as high unemployment rates economic inequalities or racial discrimination Social Exchange The theory that people calculate whether to engage in a particular behavior by considering the rewards and costs of that behavior and the rewards of the alternatives to it suggests that a man decides whether to beat his wife by considering the rewards costs of violence VS the rewards costs of not being violent What modern factors have contributed to sexual aggression and an increase in acquaintance rape Changes in dating increased sexual activity among unmarried increase in incidence of acquaintance rape date rape Victim blame reduces reporting What social and individual factors are associated with a greater likelihood of divorce What are the three eras of divorce Restricted Divorce pre 1860 Divorce Tolerance 1860 1969 Unrestricted Divorce 1970 present SOCIAL o Decreasing influence of religion o Liberalization of Divorce Laws o Cultural Change o Emphasis on personal fulfillment o No longer required to be adult o Women s Employment o Income effect o Economic opportunity effect o National Fatherhood Initiative INDIVIDUAL o Age at marriage o Low income and unemployment o Relationship between family structure and SES Dr Doherty o Race and Ethnicity o Personal and Family Background o Cohabitation o Religious beliefs o Parents marital status o Compatibility o Community Factors High unemployment Low median income Low proportion of college educated residents What is the process of divorce The co parental divorce o Many fathers fade from children s lives The economic divorce o Fathers unable or unwilling to pay for kids o Mothers hit with double whammy o Loss of husband s income o Totality of Financial responsibilities for children o Child support policies are inadequate to meet economic needs of children in single parent families What are the short term effects of divorce on children The long term effects Children are stressed depressed and irritable just like the parents however most return to their normal self after the crisis period There are conflicting findings though because some studies suggest that children of divorced parents develop greater problems while other studies show that the children have a greater independence and ability to cope What are the basic characteristics of remarriage and cohabitation following divorce 2 3 of divorced women remarry 3 4 of