CAVEAT The study guide questions are not a contract that defines the test Study Guide 3 Courtship Publicly visible process with rules and restrictions There is no private inti macy until engagement Courtship met its demise after 1900 with industrialization Dating Relationships are now based on dating It shifted the balance of power from woman to men because men had the money It also shifted the balance of power from parents to young teenagers Hooking up A sexual encounter with no expectation of further involvement Marriage market where prospective spouses compare the assets and liabili ties of eligible partners and choose the best available mate Traditional date Males and females follow culturally defined clear gender role scripts Contemporary dating Contemporary dating patterns tend to be casual or serious Casual dating behavior includes hanging out getting together and hooking up Serious patterns tend to lead to cohabitation engagement and marriage Hypergamy Involves marrying up to improve one s social standing Hypogamy Involves marrying down in terms of social class Equity theory Is an extension of social exchange theory which argues people will stay in relationships they see as equitable and mutually beneficial Equity theory is based on fair play values Cohabitation Sharing of a household by unmarried persons who have a sexual rela tionship This began to increase sharply in the 10970s The more educated a woman is the more likely she is not to cohabitate Educated couples who cohabitate are more likely to marry 40 of cohabiting couples live with children Cohabitation is the only form of partnership legally available to lesbians and gay men 37 46 of gay men cohabit 51 62 of lesbians cohabit There are three main reasons to cohabitate 1 An alternative way of being single 2 Testing ground for marriage 3 an alternative to marriage Institutional Marriage Marriage with emphasis on male authority duty and con formity to social norms Companionate marriage Emphasis on affection friendship and sexual gratifica tion Marriage as an ongoing process The most fundamental changes in marriages is that it helps you achieve a more fulfilling sense of self growth as an individual and a greater level of personal satisfaction Homogamy Is a filter that suggests dating someone with similar social characteristics such as race and age Propinquity is an element of homogamy that suggests dating someone with geographical closeness Most people marry within their social class because they share similar attitudes values and lifestyles The three major U S religions Catholicism Protestantism and Judaism all oppose interfaith marriages Heterogamy refers to dating or marring someone from a social class racial ethnic religious or age group different from ones own Hypergamy and hypogamy are both elements of heterogamy Interfaith dating and marriages are common in the United States Religion is less influential than race in determining marriage partners Interracial and Interethnic relationships Racial interdating is much more common than racial intermarriage 5 4 Is traditional dating pass See Cherlin Ch 7 and Pp slides 1 5 Dating has evolved through out the years and many ways of traditional dating are quickly becoming more modern As the age of first marriage began to rise on the 1960s and 1970s the dating system became less closely connected to marriage The two have merged together homecomings and dinner dates are traditional dating methods Cohabitation has become a common event in an adults life prior to marriage Recently the internet has emerged as an important way for individuals to find partners relative to traditional face to face ways of meeting Also it has become more common for woman to ask men on dates 22 of heterosexual men and woman report meeting their partners online 60 of gay and lesbian partners report having met online the number is drasti charac cally bigger because the internet is best for meeting individuals with specific teristics What are the functions both manifest and latent of courtship How do societies that do not have courtship makeup for its functions Courtship is a publicly visible process with rules and restrictions through which young men and woman find a partner to marry Most countries do not have the open courtship systems that are common in Western nations some countries have arranged marriages Mate selection varies according to exogamy and endogamy norms In many societies mate selection is endogamous Manifest Functions e g maturation Latent function e g to gain social status Explain the following comparison homogamy is to the filter model of mate selection as heterogamy is to the permanent availability model How does social exchange equity theory counter or support these mod els The filter model of mate selection asserts that we sift through eligible people according to specific criteria and thus a narrow pool of potential partners Ho mogamy is the major filtering theory mechanism It suggests that we look for who are similar to ourselves people The permanent availability model suggests Social exchange theory suggests that people will remain in relationships where the rewards are higher than the costs Equity theory suggests that people will stay in relationships that they see equi table and mutually beneficial It is based on fair play values Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages among sin gle single cohabiting and married status See status Document under course Library Who is more likely to stay single Who is least likely Why Asian individuals are the most likely to marry African Americans are the least likely to marry especially african American woman Also individuals who place to values on religion are less likely to marry Elaborate on the myths about singles Singles tend to have shorter life expectancies due to higher risk activity They tend to be more depressed and have a higher chance of getting involved in heavy alcohol and drug use Also contrary to popular belief singles tend to have more monetary issues because they are more wreck less with their money Who is likely to cohabit Why do people cohabit Do cohabitants in crease their chances to marry each other with this arrangement Before the 1960s cohabitation was common mainly among poor and near poor Beginning around 1970 the proportion of young adults who lived with someone prior to marrying increased sharply By the early 2000s about 60 percent of woman in their thirties have cohabited States and Localities