Chapter 7 List typical government priorities pertaining to regional development 1 National security 2 Redistribution of wealth and regional development 3 Environmental concerns What do governments do to protect the environment Concern for the natural environment is only likely to happen after national security and economical development have been achieved Many governments are reluctant to place an obstacle such as environmental regulation Regulation could prevent future development projects Measures governments may consider o The establishment of protected areas through legislation o The implementation of land use planning such a zoning o Mandatory use of environmental impact analysis o Encourage coordination between government agencies What is the developing worldview regarding actions taken by developed countries on their plans to develop They view that developed nations have the luxury of being able to be concerned over the environment because they have largely fulfilled many of their national goals They say that developed countries are telling them not to do what the developed world did to achieve their high standard of living How do developing countries allocate resources Debt repayments to western banks greatly influences the ability of many of these countries to allocate resources for environmental protection If conservation of natural resources is low on their priority list it may be one of the first areas to be cut back in government expenditures Review national parks section of chapter in detail Know dates First national park in the world was Yosmite in America 1872 By the end of the 19th century national parks had been established in other countries o Banff National Park in Canada 1887 o Tongariro National Park in New Zealand 1894 Discuss different land use methods Zoning o A land management strategy o Can provide recognition of the resources that exists in the area o Can identify where tourism can and cant take place o The benefits of zoning in terms of the conservation of natural resources can be summarized as Assisting the management of visitor impact to assure they do not exceed acceptable levels Increasing awareness of tourism stakeholders of the values of the ecosystem and natural resources o Involves 2 key stages opportunities i Descriptive involves identifying important recreational ii Allocation involves deciding what values and opportunities should be made where in protected areas What is carrying capacity There are four difference types of carrying capacity i ii iii iv Economic dependency of the economy on tourism Psychological levels of visitor satisfaction Environmental impact of tourism on the environment Social the reaction of the local community to tourism What is the role of the private sector in the success of future development Why is this role important Commitment of the private sector to environmental protection is essential to the success of future development There are advantages to be gained environmental What is environmental auditing o Cost savings preservation of main business assets natural cultural Provides the basis for such business practice and is consistent with the view of management as a controlled public process based on continuous monitoring of impacts and change the development of knowledge and the feeding back of these into decision making by formalized process It helps passing environmental legislation and enforcement of punitive measures against tourism firms Helps companies reduce their costs of operations and increase profits Companies trying to be philanthropic could use it to adopt as many measures that they can afford What is the objective of the environment code of conduct The aim of codes of conduct is to influence attitudes and modify behavior Key points o Sustainable use of resources o Reduction of environmental impacts o Showing sensitivity for wildlife and culture o Pursue responsible marketing Problems related to codes of conduct o Monitoring and evaluating codes o Conflict between codes as a form of marketing and codes What is the meaning of acceptable change Developed in response to a growing recognition in the US that attempts to define and implement recreational carrying capacities for national park and wilderness protected areas were both excessively reductionist and failing Difference between environmental impact assessment and environmental impact analysis Environmental impact assessment EIS predicts the future Concerned with assessing the predicted effects of development Provides decision makers with information on the likely consequences of their decision Environmental Impact Analysis EIA used as a planning instrument There is not structure to the components of an EIA They typically assess future levels of noise pollution visual impact air quality hydrological impact land use and landscape changes associated with a development Describe the 5 stages of the Environmental impact analysis EIA i ii iii iv v Identification of the impact Its measurement Interpretation of the significance of the impact Displaying the results of the assessments Development of appropriate monitoring schemes Which are the types of tourism which are subject to environmental impact assessment and which specialist are required Hotels visitor attractions marinas airports roads waste treatment and energy plants Chapter 8 What was the warmest decade Which years rank among the warmest 1990 was the warmest decade Eleven of the last 12 years rank around the warmest since 1850 1995 2006 1850 marks the beginning of meteorological records Why is there a need for international level disaster planning Connect this to tourism in Florida To be able to adapt to natural threats Rising sea levels and coastal erosion Planning will require coordinated approach between public and private sector The community must also include any disaster planning Why do hotels in Florida need disaster planning To help prepare for natural disasters such as hurricanes and rising sea levels and beach erosion Sea levels have been rising at 1 8 an inch a year since 1990 Know the areas that are considered especially vulnerable to natural disasters Tropical islands Himalayan mountains Low lying areas How do natural disasters impact tourism Includes natural disasters include earthquakes volcanic eruptions fires floods hurricanes tropical storms landslides The number of extreme weather events has quadrupled since 1950s Combined with rising sea levels and coastal erosion they