Victoria Peralta Rapale DIE4310 Study Guide for Test 2 Fall 2013 Chapter 2 Assessing Community Resources 8 questions o Identify Major approaches to conducting a community nutritional needs assessment Evaluating existing resources available evaluating the nutrition status of the community examining the needs of the community all of the above o Specific goals of a community nutritional needs assessment might be Overall purpose to provide a better understanding of how the community functions and how it addresses the public health and nutritional needs of its citizens o Identify examples of Qualitative and Quantitative data Examples of Qualitative Data Examples of Quantitative Data o Know the steps in conducting a community needs assessment Step 1 Define the nutritional problem Step 2 Set the parameters of the assessment Step 3 Collect Data about the community background conditions and individuals who represent the target population Step 4 Analyze and interpret the data Step 5 Share the findings of the assessment Step 6 Set priorities Step 7 Choose a plan of action o Identify key sources for info on community health characteristics o Differentiate between sources of qualitative data and sources of quantitative data Qualitative Data Include opinions and insights derived from interviews with those people who are knowledgeable about the community key informants and stakeholders including registries of vital statistics published research studies hospital records and local health surveys Can be derived from a variety of databases Quantitative Data o Differentiate between a goal and an objective Broad statements of what the activity or program is Goal expected to accomplish reach a goal Objective Statements of outcomes and activities needed to o Identify factors considered in prioritizing problems identified in a community nutrition needs assessment Target group population o Define assessment study or intervention Stakeholder and addressing the nutritional problem community Key informants those who have invested interest in identifying People who are knowledgeable about the the group that is the focus of an o Know that the types of data required in a needs assessment depend on the purpose goals and objectives of the assessment o Describe the 3 types of data to collect in a community needs assessment Community is affected by individual characteristics such as lifestyle living and working conditions social networks Chapter 3 Assessing Target Group s Needs 12 questions o Define Describe focus groups as a research tool Focus Group An informal group of about 5 to 12 people who are asked to share their concerns experiences beliefs opinions or problems Lasts about 1 3 hours they are used to obtain advice and insights about new products and services research data and information about key variables used in quantitative studies and opinions about products or creative concepts such as advertising campaigns or program logos o Know that screening is an important preventive health activity designed to reverse retard or halt the process of a disease by detecting it as soon as possible o Identify examples of anthropometric assessment measures Measurements on the body s physical dimensions composition used to detect degrees of malnutrition Most common growth examples include measures of stature height and length weight body circumference and skin folds Ex height of children at school entry or prevalence of low birth weight o Define and give examples of lifestyle factors Lifestyle factors Include such areas as how physical activity level leisure activities stress management techniques smoking status and drugs and alcohol usage influence health and nutritional status Ex people who are physically active have lower blood cholesterol concentrations and a lower risk of coronary heart disease CHD than sedentary people Ex 2 women who become pregnant unexpectedly are less likely to breastfeed their infants than women whose pregnancies are planned o Know that poverty has the strongest association with health among children o Differentiate and give examples of validity and reliability Validity what it is intended to measure accuracy the ability of the instrument to measure Reliability repeated on the same individual several times reproducibility gives the same results when Example Example o Know that it is the family that exerts the most influence on nutritional o Define Differentiate between survey and sample screening and status health risk appraisal Survey Sample HRA are used to alert people about their risky health behaviors and how such behaviors might be modified through a lifestyle modification program Nutrition screening Initiative is a collaborative effort of the ADA the American Academy of Family Physicians and the National Council of Aging Screening in clinical community settings Blood pressure checks blood cholesterol checks and o Know that the 1st step in planning a survey is to determine the purpose height weight of the survey o Know the components of a health risk appraisal 1 Questionnaire 2 Certain Calculations that predict the risk of disease 3 Educational message or report to the participant o List define dietary intake methods discussed in class Identify the strengths and weaknesses of these methods Methods Client Assessment Questionnaire historical data form Definition Preliminary nutritional assessment form usually divided into sections for administrative data medical history medication data psychosocial history and food patterns A written record of the food and Strengths Provides clues to strengths and potential barriers Limitations May seem invasive may not be culturally sensitive Food Diary Daily food Does not depend on Requires literacy Requires a Record Twenty four hour recall Food frequency Usual diet Diet History interview beverages consumed by an individual over a period of time usually 3 7 days A dietary assessment method in which an individual is requested to recall all food and beverages consumed in a 24 hour period A method of analyzing a diet based on how often foods are consumed servings per day week month year Clients are led through a series of questions to describe the foods typically consumed in a day A conversational assessment method in which clients are asked to review their normal day s eating pattern memory provides accurate intake data provides information about food habits Quick Easy to administer no burden for respondent doesn t influence usual diet literacy not