- CHAPTER 1 OPPORTUNITIES IN COMMUNITY NUTRITION (5 QUESTIONS) - Define: community, community nutrition, policy, public health, entrepreneur, intrapreneur.• Community: the book defines community as “a grouping of people who reside in a specific locality and who interact and connect through a definite social structure to fulfill a wide range of daily needs” - Has FOUR COMPONENTS: people, a location in space (including cyberspace), social interactions, andshared values. The scales of community include national, regional, local, and global, which can then be specified by ethnic group, habits, etc • Community nutrition: a discipline that strives to prevent disease and to improve the health, nutrition, and well-being of individuals and groups within communities. - Founded on the sciences of epidemiology, food nutrition, and human behavior. The focus of commu-nity nutrition focuses on people, policy and programs. • People from different education, backgrounds, cultures, and ages all have access to food in times of need/learn or improve their eating patterns. Comm. nutr. ID those with unmet nutritional needs, gather info. about the group’s SES, ethnicity, religion, geographic location, cultural food patterns and develop a program/service tailor to the group in need. • Comm. nutr. are involved in policy when they write letters to state legislators, lobby congress, ad-vice governments, use research to influence policy • Programs are the instruments used to seek behavioral change to improve nutritional status. Can cover a wide range of individuals or be targeted to a specific group, tailor to diseases. The goal of comm. nutr. programs is behavioral change• Policy: a course of action chosen by public authorities to address a given problem • Public health: Focuses on protecting and promoting people’s health through the actions of society. - Public health initiatives change as the perceptions of the public change. Public health has shifted rom financing basic population measures (immunization) to focusing on achieving universal health services, quick responses to new infectious diseases/threats. Increase in preventative health mea-sures. Better collab. b/w public health agencies and organizations that protect the public. - An effort organized by society to protect, promote, and restore the people’s health via the applica-tion of science, practical skills, and collective actions. Topics of concern for public health are chronicdiseases and infections diseases (HIV, tuberculosis)- American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA-1988) aims to lead the way in transforming health care through trusted science, education, and the practice of informatics. Connects the broad com-munity of professionals and students. • Mergers of three organizations: American Ass. for Medical Systems and Informatics, American Col-lected of Medical Informatics, and Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care. Sup-ports 5 domains: translational bioinformatics, clinical research informatics, clinical informatics, consumer health informatics, and *public health informatics* (application of informatics in areas of public health—surveillance, reporting and health promotion. Consumer target groups, NHANES,Wix, nutrition education). • Nutrition informatics (NI): effective retrieval, organization, storage, and use of information, data and knowledge for food and nutrition related problem solving/decision making. Biomedical infor-matics (BMI) interdisciplinary field that studies and pursues effective use of biomedical data, in-formation, and knowledge for scientific inquiry, problem solving, and decision making…to improvehuman health.- NI has 6 areas of practice: community nutrition, clinical nutrition, consultation/business prac-tice, food and nutrition management, education, research - NI is the intersection of information, nutrition and technology,• Entrepreneur: One who undertakes the risk of a business or enterprise. Creating something of value through the creation of organization. - Innovators in both the private and public sectors who embody the spirit and principles of en-trepreneurship • Intrapreneuer: A risk taker whose job is located within a corporation, company or other organization. Seldom are solely responsible for the financial risk associated with the new venture, but they share thesame entrepreneurial spirit as their more independent counterparts. - Seek to better the existing state of affairs within the organization through creative problem solving. - *Differentiate between public health nutrition programs and community nutrition programs with respect to source of program funding.• Public health nutrition is the application of nutrition and public health to improve or maintain optimal health of population and target groups through enhancements in programs, systems, policies, and en-vironments. Public health nutritionists are trained in both nutrition and core competency areas of pub-lic health. They have an advanced level of didactic and experiential training in public health/nutrition practice, RD or LD, and nutritionists. - ID nutrition-related need of a community. Plan, direct and evaluate promotion/disease prevention efforts. Administer and manage programs. Budget/fiscal. Grantsmanship. Provide therapeutic/reha-bilitation nutrition services, technical assistance/consultation to policy makers/administrators/health agency personnel, collab. to promote environmental/system changes, assure access to healthful/af-fordable food and nutr. related care, advocate/participate in policy development/evaluation of im-pact and outcomes, and participate in research/demonstration/evaluation of projects. - Conducted by a government agency (federal, state, provincial, territorial, county, municipal. Official mandate is to delivery health services to individuals living in a particular area. • Community nutrition encompasses interventions focuses on creating changes in knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and health outcomes either individually or in small groups within a community setting. A community nutritionist is trained in preventative/therapeutic services within a community setting. Training in life cycle, nutrition education/counseling, program development. RDs, LD, nutritionists - **Community is the broader of the two, in the book it is referred to any program whose target is the community. Whether the program is funded by the federal government or a private group-