HME 4221 Exam 1 Study Guide Chapter 1 Key Terms Choice The act of selecting among alternatives Clarification The process of making clear making easier to understand or elaborating Decision Making Choosing between two or more alternatives Family A group of two or more one of whom is a householder who are related by birth marriage or adoption and reside together Feedback Information that returns to the system o Was the problem solved o What was learned o Which decisions or plans worked and which ones failed o What adjustments should have been made Goals End results that require action the purpose toward which much behavior is directed life as favorable Happiness The degree to which one judges the overall quality of his or her Household er All persons who occupy a housing unit such as a house apartment or single room Householder is the person or persons who owns or rents the home Implementing Putting decisions or plans into action Life Management All decisions a person or family makes and the way their values goals and resource use affects their decision making includes all the goals events situations and decisions that constitute a lifestyle Lifestyle The characteristic way or pattern in which an individual conducts his or her life Management The process of using resources to achieve goals It involves Management Process The procedures involved in management thinking thinking action and results action and results Management Style A characteristic way of making decisions and acting Management Tools Measuring devices techniques or instruments that are used to arrive at decisions and plans of action Needs Things that are required or necessary Planning A series of decisions leading to action or to needs and goal fulfillment Problems Questions dilemmas or situations that need solving Resources Whatever is available to be used Risk The possibility of pain suffering danger harm or loss from a decision uncertainty Self monitoring Individuals noticing and altering their own actions language and reactions based on people around them includes being attuned to other before speaking or reacting Standards The quantitative and or qualitative criteria reconciling resources with demands Values Principles that guide behavior Wants Things that are desired or wished for Psychology Focuses on how the individual thinks and behaves Sociology Focuses on the collective behavior of social groups Chapter 2 Key Terms Systems Theory A theory that emphasizes the interconnectedness and the interactions among different systems It focuses on the behavior of feedback and its complexity Subsystem A part of a larger system Inputs Whatever is brought into the system Throughputs The processing of inputs or transformations Outputs End results or products leftovers and waste System An integrated set of parts that function together for some end purpose or result Entropy A tendency toward disorder or randomness Equifinality The phenomenon in which different circumstances and opportunities may lead to similar outcomes Multifinality The phenomenon in which the same initial circumstances or conditions may lead to different conclusions or outcomes Ecology The study of how living things relate to their natural environment Human Ecology The study of how humans interact with their environment Optimization Process of obtaining the best result Work Simplification Work methods at home that became an integral part of the study of management Chapter 3 Key Terms Values Principles that guide behavior Value Orientation An internally integrated value system Behavior What people actually do how they act Attitudes Concepts that may express values serve as a means of evaluation or demonstrate feeling in regard to some idea person object event situation or relationship Absolute Values Extreme definitive values that are inflexible Relative Values Values that are interpreted based on context Intrinsic Values Values classified as ends in themselves having internal meanings Extrinsic Values Values that derive their worth or meaning from someone or something else Chapter 4 Key Terms Resourcefulness The ability to recognize and use resources effectively Resource Any entity tangible or intangible that contributes to the ability of an individual or family to produce valued outputs Intangible Resources Resources incapable of being touched unseen Ex intelligence Tangible Resources Resources that are real touchable or capable of being appraised Human Capital The sum total of human resources all the capabilities traits and other resources that people use to achieve goals Scarcity A shortage or insufficient amount of supply Opportunity Cost The highest valued alternative that must be sacrificed to satisfy a want or attain something Culture The sum of all socially transmitted behavior patterns arts expectations institutions and all other products of human work and thought characteristic of a group community or population Utility Value work applicability productiveness or simply usefulness of a Resource Advantage Theory Applies entrepreneurship and leveraging to resource resource management Chapter 5 Key Terms Decisions Conclusions or judgments about some issues or matters Decision Making The process of making a choice between two or more alternatives an integral part of the overall management process Decision Making Style The characteristic way that a person makes his or her decisions of intentions guidance or advice of competence problem Decision Plan A long complicated decision process that includes a sequence Reference Groups The people who influence an individual or provide Decision Rules Principles that guide decision making Peter Principle Idea or concept that people are promoted beyond their level Decidophobia The fear of making decisions Problem Solving Making many decisions that lead to a resolution of the Hatching Local area nesting finding other places outside of the work or the home where one can spend time Internal Search Looking within oneself for information for making decisions External Search Gathering information from family friends other people and the media Uncertainty The state of feeling or being in doubt Success The achievement of something desirable Chapter 6 Key Terms Plan Detailed schema program strategy or method worked out beforehand for the accomplishment of a desired end result Introverts Tend to think about themselves first Their thoughts are directed inward Extroverts Less interested in self and more interested in others