URS 1006 World Cities Exam 1 Key Terms Defined For Daniel Fitz Patrick s Class Urbanization 2 phases 1 Movement of people from rural to urban places and 2 Change in lifestyle that results from living in cities Urban Landscape visible manifestations that show the economic cultural and political values of the people from the city World City 2nd tier below global cities Cities that have knowledge based economies tied to high end producer services L A Hong Kong Paris Sydney Metropolis a large central city and its surrounding territory Metropolitan Statistical Area used to establish cities metropolis Must have at least 50K ppl and includes urban and rural territory that is social economically integrated with the core and built from county units Conurbation refers to a large urban region composed of a network of large cities The super metropolitan regions As city grows it engulfs smaller cities around it and turns them into big new cities Preindustrial City the traditional city Founded and grew before arrival of industrialization Most cities in the LDCs have characteristics of a preindustrial city and commercial industrial city because of the expansion of industrialization Postindustrial City economy not tied to a manufacturing base High employment in the services sector HQ s for gov t corporations Industrial City cities that have an economy based on the production of manufactured goods Primate City a type of city defined by size and function Usually twice as large as the second largest city More typical in LDCs than MDCs Usually suggests imbalance in development Colonial City no more today but had huge impact on urban patterns since the 1500s Had special focus on commercial functions and the blend of Western urban forms with traditional indigenous values and practices Dual City what a colonial city usually becomes one modern western part and another more traditional indigenous part Part duplicates the mother country and the other part less developed with residential areas for workers serving colonial rulers Cairo is a good example bc has a medieval and modern areas Socialist City cities that evolved under Communist socialist regimes in USSR China E Europe N Korea Vietnam Cuba Produced different cities in all aspects of urbanism New Town Phenomenon of the 20th century comprehensively planned urban community built with the intent of becoming as self contained as possible by encouraging the development of a self sufficient economic base and full range of urban services They relieve overcrowding of large cities provide a good living environment for residents help to control urban sprawl and preserving open land Existing and Emerging systems of cities Single Major Urban Cluster LDC primate cities Will increase in numbers density and territory Regional Cluster small and large cities that will eventually combine S E Brazil lower Nile parts of U S Gateway city formerly closed have access to new water and land frontiers and opportunities for investors jobs Southern cone of S America N E Asia Amazonia Cross border cities Side by side experience symmetrical or asymmetrical growth San Diego Tijuana Vancouver Seattle Frontier Cities emerge with development of new natural or human resources mineral tourism or as foci for new transportation and communication networks Bypassed Cities persistent economic decline dated infrastructure lost economic political significance bc of political shifts or declining demand for their services goods Ex old mining and heavy industrial centers in E Europe W and S Russian Appalachia Ephemeral cities populations with residents who come and go bc seasonal employment transferred to new locations with job etc Cities w specialized universities military health entertainment Corridor city system spaced unevenly along railroads highways and rivers Beads on a string asymmetrical growth Trans Siberian railroad Old Silk Road Historic preservation cities celebrate their pasts and use their heritage to generate income from tourism retirees investments Williamsburg Vienna Fes Hedonistic cities economies that thrive on the pursuit of entertainment and leisure Orlando Las Vegas World cities anchor dense commercial and cultural networks and include cities that are recognized for their leading roles in finance investment and culture Ecumenopolis concept that describes a vast urban system that links major populated areas on major transportation and communication corridors The three models of Urban Land Use in MDC s Concentric Zone Theory Fredrich Engels in mid 19th century first to describe it Manchester England E W Burgess Chicago was father of the concentric zone model 1920 s According to him the growth of a city occurs through a radial expansion from the center to form a series of rings Sector Theory Homer Hoyt in 1930s Residential land use arranges along selected highways leading into the CBD The patterns were in sectors not rings when he compared variations in household rent in 142 cities City grows over time in the direction of the expanding high rent residential sector Multiple Nuclei Theory Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman 1945 Cities grow around several distinct nodes to form a polynuclear pattern The number of distinct nuclei depend on the size of city and recentness of development The doughnut model Hole in the donut is the central city non white blue collar working class residents declining tax base and economy The ring of the donut is the suburbs mostly white middle and upper class white collar jobs expanding tax base and employment The Inverse Concentric Zone Theory The urban spatial structure of many cities in LDC s In preindustrial cities Central area is the place of residence for the elite class The poor live in the outer rings Social class is inversely related to distance from the center of the city It is like this because of the lack of an adequate and dependable transportation system which restricts the elites to the center so they can be close to work Also because the functions of the city are controlled by the elite and concentrated in the center of the city Economic Base Concept 2 types of activities exist those that are necessary for urban growth and those that exist to supplement those necessary functions Basic and non basic functions Basic city forming activities Manufacturing processing or trading of goods providing of markets Non basic economic functions of a city Cater to the residents restaurants salons grocery store etc Principle of Circular and