Week 14 Umayyads Terms Islam It means also means submission to the will of God and was major religion based on the teachings of Prophet Muhammad in Arabia in the 7th century They worshiped one god who is called Allah in arabic Caliph Religious leader who ruler over a Caliphate and said to be the successor of prophet muhhamad Caliphate political religious state comprising the Muslim community and the lands and peoples under its control in the centuries following the death of Muhammad Conquests Subjugation and assumption of control of a place or people by use of military force The early Muslim conquests also referred to as the Arab conquests and the early Islamic conquests began with the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the 7th century Umayyads The first Muslim dynasty that was established in 661 in Damascus the population had Muslim and Arabs Abbasids Overthrew the umayyads caliphs in 750 which was known as the Abbasid Revolution are are the descendants of muhhamads uncle Baghdad also knows as the city of peace was the capital of Abbasids dynasty located in Iraq at the banks of the Tigris river and was built during the sign of Leo in 762 Thanks to its trade routes the city became a place of learning and trade and known as the golden age of islam Al Aqsa Mosque Al Aqas means the farthest and is significant because muslims turned towards al Aqsa and prayed up to 16 or 17 months after migration to Medina in 624 Mongol Sack of Baghdad A siege of the Mongols which lasted 13 days and which the Mongols sacked Baghdad destroyed places and killed Al Musta sim and many residents of the city 1 Find maps and describe the extent of Umayyad and Abbasid empires At its peak the Umayyad empire controlled most of the Middle East parts of India Spain and parts of North Africa The following modern day countries are what the Umayyad had control over Spain Algeria Libya Egypt Saudi Arabia Iraq Iran Pakistan and Afghanistan During the height of the Abbasid empire they controlled most North Africa the Middle East and Central Asia This territory in modern day countries would be Libya parts of Algeria Egypt Saudi Arabia Iraq Iran Pakistan Afghanistan and parts of Kazakhstan 2 Who were the important Caliphs of these empires What did they do When did Arabic become the official language of the empire How did Yaqut al Hamawi 1179 1229 Arab biographer and geographer describe the city of Baghdad What was the significance of the city Ab Sufyan was the patriarch of the Umayyads Mu wiyah I was the first Umayyad caliph Abd al Malik was an important caliph to the Umayyad empire as he was responsible for most of the empires expansion into India and Central Asia As Saff h was the first Abbasid caliph al Mam n overthrew his brother the previous caliph and gained control of the Abbasid empire then expanded into the Mediterranean islands al Mutawakkil was the last great Abbasid caliphate before the decline of the empire Arabic became the official language of the empire in the 700s Yaquat al Hamawi described the city of Baghdad by saying this The city of Baghdad formed two vast semi circles on the right and left banks of the Tigris twelve miles in diameter The numerous suburbs covered with parks gardens villas and beautiful promenades and plentifully supplied with rich bazaars and finely built mosques and baths stretched for a considerable distance on both sides of the river Baghdad was a significant city because it was a connecting point between two important rivers the Tigris and Euphrates and it made global trade much easier 3 The Abbasid Empire is dubbed by many scholars as the Golden Age of Islamic civilization Why What does this mean Explain using concrete examples The Abbasid Empire was known as the Golden Age because of its stability The economy that they built made it flourish with their technology and trade With its trade centers which became wealthy centers because of their scholarships and creativity