1 erstition 1 Widely held belief 2 Overly credulous 3 Incorrectly attributes causation 4 Ex horoscopes ghosts bad luck tarot cards 2 In all superstition wise men follow fools and arguments are fitted to practice in a reversed order Sir Fraces Bacon 3 Its an inversion of logic and reality people lay aside their suspicion to follow people of whom they should be suspicious 4 Rather than examine our world and thinking critically about our condi tions 5 People form their arguments to better rationalize their world what they already do the way you already see the world 6 Ideology in politics is superstition that serves a particular function 7 Managing ideas some true some false some distorted some irrele vant that when taken together help sustain and legitimate a domi nant political paradigm 8 We are socialized to accept beliefs about our world that are widely held overly credulous and incorrectly attribute causation critical the ory is centered on teaching us to challenge 2 Marx and Engel s THeory Historical Materialism 1 Humans distinguish themselves from animals by changing their envi ronment consciously to satisfy basic needs food shelter safety 2 The satisfaction of these needs leads to the creation of new needs that must bow be met 3 The method by which we satisfy these needs is the mode of reduc tion snd contains certain ways of organizing class 4 They way these needs are satisfied determine our consciousness 3 The Frankfurt school 1 Sought to understand the politics of culture 2 Formed in response to raising Fascism in Europe 4 Critical theory 1 One cannot determine what good a free society would like from within the society which we now live in We lack the means But in our work we can bring up the negative aspects of this society which we want to change Marx Horkheimer 2 Sought to explain the means by which ideology kept working people from experiencing true freedom 3 Expose and challenge the myths and super 5 Standardization 1 Art succumbs to formula genre 2 Plotlines follow predictable paths 3 Time and look of artistic works must conform to various standards and fulfill expectations 6 Pseudo Indivudalization 4 All driven by commercial imperatives to maximize profit 1 Capitalism conveys myth of the individual and of the rebel 2 People want to express themselves as being different from the crowd 3 Desire to stand out from the crowd creates new market opportunities 4 For Adorno and Horkheimer all culture is predigested with