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Ecosys tems:- Niche: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________o The __________________________________ played by a species in its community.o Refers to the way that organisms respond to the resources and other species found within the habitat.o Determines by abiotic (physical) parameters and biotic (biological) factors based on interactions with other species.o Resource Partitioning: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________o Fundamental Niche: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________o Realized Niche: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Smaller than the fundamental niche because of competition and other biotic factors.- Symbioses: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________o Associations are not fixed they can change over time.o Antagonisms: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Competition: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________- Increase in competition and population density population growth decreases.- Promotes niche divergence.- Competitive Exclusion: __________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________- Can compete directly or indirectly.o Mutualisms: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Subject to natural selection.- May evolve increasing independence. Obligation: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Facultative: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________o Commensalism: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________o Amensalism: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________- Community: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________o Populations tied together by the various interactions that secure their spot in the food web and physical location.o The acts of different populations also vary in time. (ex: seasons)o Keystone Species: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Affects a community in disproportionate (much larger) ways.o Disturbances: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Allow species to enter or remain in the community as long as they can establish their young in the newly opened habitat patch.  Intense disturbances  only a ___________ species can tolerate the physical conditions of the habitat and diversity will be _______________. Rare or weak disturbances _________________________ may take over and only a few, stronger species may remain. Species diversity tends to be highest when disturbance is _____________________ or intense enough to ____________________ competition, but not so strong as to limit the number of species that can tolerate the environment.o Succession: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In new habitats or following a disturbance, species _____________________ and transform the habitat in a predictable sequence that reflects the adaptions of a particular species.o Climax Community: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________- Ecosystem: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________o Species interactions result in food webs that cycle carbon and other elements through ecosystems.o Trophic Pyramids: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________o Food Web: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Trophic Level: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________- 1st= primary producers- 2nd= primary consumerso Primary Producers: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________o Consumers: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________o Decomposers: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________o Detritivores: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________- Light, water, nutrients, and diversity all influence rates of primary production.o Liebig’s Law of the Minimum: _____________________________________________________________________________________________


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UConn BIOL 1108 - Ecosystems

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