Review Slides from Kun Motivation cid 127 Homeostasis state of internal equilibrium Hull s drive reduction theory propose reducing drives is ultimate goal of motivated behavior sensor control center response system internal state drive state of internal tension that motivate an organism to release tension cid 127 Approach Avoidance motivation cid 127 BAS Behavioral Avtivation System roused by signals of reward or positive need gratification BIS Inhibition responds to potential pain non reinforcement punishment cid 127 Evolution Instincts and Genes Cognitive Process Incentive stimuli pull an organism toward a goal Expectancy x Value Theory cid 127 motivation expectancy of way obtaining goal x incentive value of goal Extrinsic performing activity for external reward or avoiding punishment Intrinsic for its own sake Psychodynamic views hinded reason from early experience sexual instincts aggressive instincts cid 127 Maslow s Need Hierarchy Physiological Safety Belongingness Esteem Self Determination Theory 3 Fundamental Psych needs competence cid 127 motivation to master skills relatedness autonomy form meaningful bonds with others how they relate to intrinsic and extrinsic motivation Hunger cid 127 Metabolism body rate of energy utilization Set point biologic determined standard around body weight signal that start and terminate a meal glucose body s major source of usable fuel cholecystokinin CCK peptide produces feeling of satiety signals that regulate appetite and weight leptin hormone secreted by fat cells decreases appetite energy spending Anorexia Nervosa VS Bulimia A strictly B binge purging Sex behavior pattern changes over time increase in pre marital sex Sexual Response Cycle Excitement blood tension excitement Plateau arousal builds cid 127 Orgasm rhythmic contractions leads to next step Resolution arousal decreases genitals return to normal Sex hormones additionally have organizational and activational effects Psychological factors can cause dysfunction Sexual orientation cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 hormonal factors environmental factors gender roles disproved Social Motivation Achievement Goal Theory cid 127 Mastery Ego Emotions Dual Emotional Pathways Theories of Emotion positive stimulation attention emotional support permit comparison belief feeling behavior people differ in need of affiliation environmental factors natural disaster like earthquake Feeling states that involve a pattern of cognitive physiological and behavioral reactions to events emotion physiological do not cause one another are independent to emotional arousing situation James Lange Somatic Theory of Emotion bodily reaction determine subjective emotion automatic arousal behavioral response Cannon Bard Theory of Emoiton subcortical activity in thalamus Two Factor theory of emotion intensity of physiological arousal tells us how strongly we are feeling but cognitions derived from situational cues tell us how to label that phys arousal Cognitive affective theory of Emotion all emotion responses are related to cognitive appraisal cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127