Developmental DomainsSocial: Dad in crib with babyPhysical: baby dancing to BeyoncéCognitive: talking twin babiesWhat is development?Learning vs. Developmentlearn a new skill – tying a shoelacedevelopment – baby going from babbling to learning words- Orderly: goes in a sequence, predictable- Directional: moving forward- Stable: mostly stable but regression can occurIssues in Developmental PsychologyQuantitative or Qualitative?Quantitative:Adults know more than babiesFacts 2X2=4Qualitative:I have this, you have that (apples and pizza)Children think there is more food when cut into four pieces instead of two; logical thinkingKids don’t understand death or mourning; don’t understand it is permanentContinuous or Discontinuous?Continuous:LinearQuantitative viewDiscontinuous:Steps/StagesQualitative viewFreudPiagetGenetic or Environmental factors influence behavior and development?Both are importantOrganismic vs. Mechanistic Theories (World Views)Organismic:Qualitative changeStarts as egg, turns to caterpillar, turns to butterflyStarts as tadpole, grows legs, turns to frogActive development: Freud, PiagetMovement towards a goalStarts as egg, goal is to be a butterflyMechanistic:e.g. learning theoryHuman life- always changing and developingNo qualitative change: only quantitativePassive reaction: everything done is a reaction to something elseNo movement towards a goal: no end state to development, never get to the endContextual: where were from, where we live, your take on the world, time you were born; look at context before anything elseBehaviorism: MechanisticClassical conditioning: (Watson)Not learning a new behavior; learning an association between unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulusFeel sick in a certain room, every time you enter that room afterwards you feel sickUnconditioned stimulus: loud noise Unconditioned Response: Fear/cryingConditioned Stimulus: rat Conditioned Response: Fear/CryingMechanistic World ViewOperant (Instrumental) Conditioning: Behavior ModificationEx. Teaching a dog new tricks by giving them a treat- Positive Reinforcement: add something in, behavior increases- Negative Reinforcement: take something away, behavior decreases- Positive Punishment: add something in, behavior decreases- Negative Punishment: add something in, behavior increasesCan be used on children with ADD,Not seen as much as used to, medication is used more nowTakes too long for peopleSocial Learning Theory (Bandura)Ex. Bobo Doll clip; child watches adult assault a bobo doll on TV; afterwards the child does the same thing as the adult didEthology (Mechanistic/Contextual)Emphasis on the relevance of environmental contextsBiologically driven behaviors that are adaptive to our survivalThese behaviors increased likelihood that our ancestors would survive and have descendantsImportant Concepts:- Imprinting: grow an attachment; Lorenz, when ducks hatch they imprint on the closest moving thing to them; imprinted on Konrad Lorenz; time sensitive- Sensitive Critical Periods: the time when imprinting occurs- Bonding: certain time after birth when babies attach to their parents and parents attach to their babies- Babies given the opportunity to bond developed much better than those not given the opportunity to bondSpecies-specific response (behavior): laugh when tickled (monkey)“Babyness”Round headed shapeLarge eyes below middle of headProtruding foreheadAn exaggeration of the “Babyness” cues creates supernormal stimuliE.g. BambiEcological Approach“From this perspective, it can be said that much of developmental psychology, as it now exists is the science of the strange behavior of children in strange situations with strange adults for the briefest possible periods of time.” Urie Bronfenbrenner- Must study development in contextImportant Terms:Positive correlation: students who do well on the SATs tend to have higher GPAs in collegeMost people have 5-7 lethal recessive genes,If you have a child with the same recessive gene the child could have the diseaseProgeria: kid aged abnormally fast, very rare,Many disorders with higher gene frequencies (degeneration in the eye, deafness with aging),Research on human genomeGenetic counseling,DNA: chemical that code for proteins, everything about a person is made of proteinsGenesChromosomes: DNA organized into groups, most people have 46, 23 from mother, 23 from fatherMeiosis: reduction division, results in 23 chromosomes, when woman are born they have every egg they will ever have, sperm are made every couple weeksIntroduction and MethodologyDevelopmental DomainsSocial: Dad in crib with babyPhysical: baby dancing to BeyoncéCognitive: talking twin babiesWhat is development?Learning vs. Development- learn a new skill – tying a shoelace- development – baby going from babbling to learning words- Orderly: goes in a sequence, predictable- Directional: moving forward- Stable: mostly stable but regression can occur Issues in Developmental PsychologyQuantitative or Qualitative?Quantitative:- Adults know more than babies - Facts 2X2=4Qualitative:- I have this, you have that (apples and pizza) - Children think there is more food when cut into four pieces instead of two; logical thinking- Kids don’t understand death or mourning; don’t understand it is permanentContinuous or Discontinuous?Continuous:- Linear- Quantitative viewDiscontinuous:- Steps/Stages- Qualitative view- Freud- PiagetGenetic or Environmental factors influence behavior and development?- Both are importantOrganismic vs. Mechanistic Theories (World Views)Organismic:Qualitative change- Starts as egg, turns to caterpillar, turns to butterfly- Starts as tadpole, grows legs, turns to frogActive development: Freud, PiagetMovement towards a goal- Starts as egg, goal is to be a butterflyMechanistic: - e.g. learning theory- Human life- always changing and developingNo qualitative change: only quantitativePassive reaction: everything done is a reaction to something elseNo movement towards a goal: no end state to development, never get to the endContextual: where were from, where we live, your take on the world, time you were born; look at context before anything elseBehaviorism: MechanisticClassical conditioning: (Watson)- Not learning a new behavior; learning an association between unconditioned stimulusand conditioned stimulus- Feel sick in a certain room, every time you enter that room afterwards you feel sick- Unconditioned stimulus: loud noise Unconditioned Response: