Iron Age: A New Age of EmpiresAssyrian Empire (850-612BC)- Nineveh was the capital- March Stateo Developed very good army because they were susceptible to be attacked from all sides.o Put up victory monuments all over the Assyrian Empireo Whole population was in the army- Babylon 745 BC- Israel 721 BC- Egypt 671 BC- A terrorist Stateo They wanted to build an empire so that they can get the loot from ito Marched the army around the Empire every year and rip off the people o Wanted to create an Empire as a mission from Godo Deportation: Ten Lost Tribes of Israel Deported people who revolted halfway across the Assyrian Empireo The Assyrians tortured its captives- Chaldeans and Medeso Revolted against the Assyrians in 612 BCo Destruction of Nineveh (612BC) Empire was goneThe Mini Empires- Chaldeans form the New Babylonian Empire (620-539BC)o Captured and Destroyed the City of Jerusalem Deported a large number of Jews- Became known as the Babylonian Captivity- Medeso Kingdom of the Medes (650-550BC)- Egypto Kingdom of Egypt (685-547BC)o Got involved in trade and commerce- Lydiao Coinage (650BC)o Western Part of Turkey (Asia Minor)The Persians- Iranian Plateau- Most Successful Ancient Empire yet because they taxed people when they taxed themo Aryans (after 2000BC)o Scythians, Medes, Persians Persepolis-city of Persia: Capitalo King Cyrus (559-530BC) Conquered Lydia (547BC) Conquered Babylon (539BC)- King Cyrus let the Jews go back to Jerusalem- He got killed and his son took overo Cambyses (530-523BC) Egypt (525 BC) Made himself into a pharaoh to respect the culture of the Egyptianso Darius (525-486BC) Satrapies, Satraps, Unification, Coinage- Satrapies were large territories; there were 24 of them in the Persian Empire- Satraps were the governors that administered the satrapies- There was one coinage systemo Gold coin is known as a Daric while the Silver Coin is know as a Siglos The Eyes and Ears of the King- A system of spies who would be sent out to keep the Satraps in line The Immortals- A body of 10,000 elite Persian troops who always kept guard of the king.- Took up to 2 years to raise the Persian Army Dualism- The Universe is in constant conflict between the forces of good and evilo Ahura Mazda (Good), Ahriman (Evil)o Zoroaster, Zoroastrianism  Established the beliefs of the Persian Religion It is your individual responsibility to choose whether you are going to be good or evil Expanded the Empire into India Attacked the Scythians in 513BC- Didn’t defeat them but scared them off- He conquered the Thrace during this conflict Thrace- First time that one of the Near Eastern Empires expanded into Europe- The Persians came in contact in the Greeks- The Persians in General Created big rock carvings known as Behistun Inscription.- The Empire as a whole is loosely organizedGreece- Dorian Invasion (1100BC)o Known as the Greek Dark Ages (1100-776BC) Lost a lot of their artwork, trade networks, ability to write, etc. Plunged into a more simple cultural level Agriculture, Villages Three Developments during the Greek Dark Ages- Population Expansiono Cites=Polis=City-state Sparta Athens Corinth- Monarchyo Aristocracy: rule by the best Monopolized all of the offices in the government- Stasiso Inability to get along with each other- Competitiono Very Homosexualo Everything was a competitiono A man’s world- Women’s Roleo Their place was in the homeo A lot of spouse abuse in the Greek societyo First Wave of Greek Colonization Ionia- Archaic Age (776-500BC)o Things start to happen fasto Population ExpansionFood Shortage Shortage results tradeo TradeCultural Assimilation If you can’t trade you start to colonize- If you can’t colonize you go to war Orientalizing- The appearance of Eastern influence in Greek art- Resulted in eastern influence when Greek Traders bringback the trade goods Alphabet- Adopted alphabet from the Phoenician alphabet Coins- Adopted coinage on a really large scale- Coinage could be used for propaganda or advertising purposeso Second Wave of Greek Colonization (750-500BC) Black Sea, Great Greece, Sicily, Southern Italy Spread of Greek culture all over the Mediterranean worldo Warfare Strife and conflict over land Initially only aristocrats did the fighting- Some cities allow non aristocrats into the army- Gives rise to hoplites, phalanx, military trainingo Hoplites were people who could pay for their own weapons and fought in the armyo Soldiers did not fight from chariotso Phalanx is a military formation in which the hoplites would line up so that the shield of the guy next to you would protect your right side.o Training in the gymnasiums for the armyo Evolution of the Greek government To compete, other cities must let non-aristocrats into the army This lets wealthy non-aristocrats demand greater rights- In some cities, a new form of government arises- AristocracyOligarchy( rule by the few)o Need to meet a minimum wealth requirement to be a part of oligarchy When the aristocrats resist, Tyrants (illegal rulers) arise Eventually nearly all Greek cities adopt oligarchy- Greek Cultureo If the Greeks were disunified politically, the were unified culturallyo Hellenes and Barbarians Greek languageo Gods and Mythology Zeus with a thunderbolt and eagle Amazons- Famous female warriors Demigod- Herculeso A Tale of Two Cities Athens Sparta- Similaritieso Large Territories and populations- Differenceso Athens Mycenaean Sea Trade Rich Navy Walls Liberal Democracyo Sparta Dorian Land Agricultural Poor Army No Walls Conservative Monarchy Sparta- Economy of Sparta remained agriculturalo They were conservative- Dual Monarchy- Senate- Citizenso Warrior Assembly Did not have power except vote on the proposals presented by the king and the council.- Lycurgus (700BC)o Good Rule Create a completely military society Upbringing of Spartan soldiers- Spartan boys had to learn how to supply themselves- When the boys turned 18 they got elected into the army unit unanimously.- They would live in the army barracks until they were 60 years old.- Allowed to be married when they were 30 yearso Why the need for such a militaristic system? Helots were ready to revolt so the army had to be preparedo Helots Slaves that farmed the land Constantly ready to revolt Left overs of the Dorian