Ch 19 Into to Romanticism Tuesday April 08 2014 5 34 PM Romantic inspiration and creativity Based on emotionalism self expression communication with passion Revered the wonders of nature Love single most important sentiment of the Romantic aesthetic Fascination with supernatural and macabre Wide range of expression musical expression comes into being Composers are no longer servants Music is now Art not just entertainment Rebellion against classical ideas Evolution beyond classical music Style of Romantic Music Broad sweeping themes Lyrical and expressive building to a grandiose climax Longer phrases irregular in shape Rythmically flexible Contributes to emotional intensity Use of chromatic harmony temporary dissonance Rich lush sounds Unexpected harmonic shifts Romantic melody o o o o Colorful harmony o o o o Romantic tempo o Rubato Italian for robbed time Exaggerates the rhythic flow Gives performers more artistic freedom Heard especially in the music of Frederic Chopin Romantic Forms o Monumental o Miniature emotion The conductor o o o The virtuoso Romantic composers expanded those used in the classical era Length of individual movements increased dramatically Composers tried to capture the essence of a single mood sentiment or Larger more complex music needed a traffic cop Conductors started using a baton due to size of orchestra Interpreter of the music 19th century was the age of the solo virtuoso Musicians tried to be the very best like no one ever was Performing tricks and gimmicks while playing Franz Liszt 1811 1886 Niccolo Paganini 1782 1840 o o o o o Coda italian for tail it is a final and concluding section of a musical composition o Increased attention to literature in Romantic Era inspired new musical genres The art song Lied The program symphony The tone poem More tech bigger and better instruments Political events influenced musical style Ex piano Nationalism o o o o o o o o Ch 20 The Art Song Tuesday April 08 2014 5 48 PM Great poets Wordsworth Shelley Goethe Keats Strong bond between music and poetry Art song Lied Song for solo voice and piano accompaniment with high artistic aspirations Cultivated by the germans o Art song Forms Strophic AAA Same music different lyrics Modified strophic Each stanza was slightly different Clara Wieck Schumann Great piano virtuosos 19th century International star when married Robert Liebst du um Schonheit 1841 If you love for beauty Ternary ABA Most common form Creates formal unity Robert Schumann Dedication Through composed Everything is new and different No repition Franz Schubert 1797 1828 Born in Vienna Italy Composed over 600 Lieder Bohemian life Schubertiads Only his music played when performed Song cycle A collection of several songs united by a common theme or literary idea Also composed symphonies piano sonatas and operas o Erlkonig the Elf King Schubert s most famous Lied composed at 17 Dramatic tale of horror Contrast passages of narration and dialogue Form Through composed Musical characterization Piano suggest horse gallop Elf king sings seductively Terrified boy sings upper range with chromatic inflections Father sings in a lower reassuring range Robert Schumann 1810 1856 Best works are mini like short piano and Lieder Studied piano with Fridrich Wieck and fell in love with his daughter Married Clara Ch 21 Romantic Music Tuesday April 08 2014 5 58 PM Program music Instrumental music seeks to recreate in sound and emotions portrayed in some extra musical source a story legend play novel historical event Tells a story Absolute music Instrumental music free of a text or pre existing program Only the music o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Johannes Brahms 1833 1897 Program symphony Dramatic overture Tone poem Symphony with 3 4 or 5 movements which depict a succession of events A 1 movement work for orchestra that gives musical expression to the emotions or events asssociated with a story play political event or personal experience Tchaikovsky Romeo and Juliet Hector Berlioz 1803 1869 Born in Grenoble France Composer and music critic One of the most original figures in music Skilled in orchestration Added new instruments to the orchestra Compositions required an enormous number of musicians Influenced by literature especially Shakespeare Life epitomized the artist as Romantic hero o Symphonie Fantastique 1830 The 1st complete program symphony Berlioz wrote the program based on his love affair with Harriet Smithson 5 movements Unifying themes idee fixe fixed idea Represents the beloved Appears in each movement Altered to reflect his changing mood about the beloved Movement V Dreams of a Witches Sabbath Berlioz creates his personal vision of Hell Parody of the idee fixe Dies Irae chant Burial hymn of medieval church Parodied as a satiric dance Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky 1840 1893 Tone poem of a story through music 1 movement work for orchestra that captures the emotions and events Most prolific writer of the late 19th century program music Professor at Moscow conservatory Supported by patroness Madame Nadezdhe von Meck and Tsar Alexander III Compositions include every genre of Romantic Era music Primarily known today for his program music and ballets Music and nationalism o o o o Political upheaval National anthems native dances protest songs victory symphonies o Russian nationalism Modest Mvsorgsky Russia was one of 1st to develop own national style of art music o Pictures at an Exhibition Originally for piano orchestra let by Maurice Ravel in 1922 Each movement depicts a different drawing or painting by Victor Hartman Promenade Opens the work and serves as transition between movements Solo contrasts with full brass then full orchestra Irregular meter and use of pentatonic scale o Polish Ox Cart Creates sense of time and movement 2 not ostinato Crescendo and decrescendo as the cart approaches then disappears Begins and ends with lowest sounds o The great gate of Kiev Impression of a parade passing through a great arch Rondo form ABADCA Use of different musical styles in each section Ch 22 Romantic Music Piano music Tuesday April 08 2014 6 18 PM Improved by technology of the industrial revolution o o o o More keys 88 and pedals were added Cross stringing for richer sound More expressive Home making music Slow dreamy genre of piano music popular in the 1820s and 1830s Suggests moonlit rooms romantic longing wistful melancholy Sensuous melody Great virtuoso pianists composers of the 19th century Robert