Religions of China Confucianism Taoism Buddhism 07 16 2013 I Syncretism following more than one religion at a time a Confucian customs and traditions b Buddhist worship rituals c Taoist outlook literature philosophy art music II Origins a Confucianism and Taoism are indigenous to China i Chongwo center b Buddhism brought to China by Indian Buddhist monks around 100 A D III Traditional Chinese Beliefs a Before Confucianism and Daoism became full fledged religions Chinese held beliefs which helped to form their two religious traditions i Kiu ii Ying Yang IV Beliefs a Spirits early system was polytheistic spirits active in nature b Shang Ti or Tian high power ruling the universe a personal God c Ancestor Worship ancestors die become spirits watching over us d Yang and Yin male female strong weak light dark opposite but complimentary e Divination The Book of Changes methods of knowing future f Harsh life natural catastrophes forced to understand patterns of nature to live in harmony V The Goal of Chinese Life a is to achieve harmony i Confucianism seeks harmony in social and political life ii Daoism seeks harmony with nature VI Confucianism a achieve Harmony by following the right path Dao or right method b harmony consists of right relationships among members of the society can be taught VIILife of Confucius a Named K ung Ch iu b Given title Kung Fu Tzu Great Teacher c Born in noble family d Father died when he was a child e Was a tax collector f Then became a teacher g Later part of life became minister in government VIII Main Concepts in Confucianism a Ren Jen love for humanity b Li propriety being appropriate having right etiquettes c Xiao Filal Piety Respect for Elders Five Relationships i Father Son ii Elder brother Younger brother iii Husband Wife d Wen appreciation for aesthetic values such as art literature iv Friend Friend v Ruler Citizen music e Junzi the ideal human being i Not selfish or egoist ii Man of knowledge well rounded iii Not narrow minded willing to listen to opinion of others IX Five Classics and Analects a Probably written after Confucius subsequently edited by Confucian scholars X The Five Classics b Became core curriculum of Chinese classical educational system a The Book of History account of Chinese rulers various dynasties b Book of Poetry classical poems with moral intent c Book of Changes I Ching divination basic patterns of the universe d Book of Rites and Ceremonies e The Spring and Autumn Annals historical record of Confucius home state Lou XI Confucianism b Both i Analects is the book of Confucius sayings a Is it more of a religious system or a political and social system i Religious system Shang Ti or Tian customs and rituals ii Political and social system focus on right relationships among members of the society c Teachings found in his book Tao Te Ching Tao and its Power XIILao Tzu Laozi 600 B C a Means Old Master or Old Teacher b Nickname for gentle and sweet nature XIII Taoism Daoism a A reaction against Confucianism b It emphasizes i Individual rather than society ii Spontaneity rather than obedience iii Goes beyond mundane political and social rigidity looks for higher values XIV Main Characteristics of Tao a Cannot be told nameless and formless transcends b Origin of everything c Finds its way like water flowing d Wu Wei without asserting force f Everything is relative Yang Yin g Return to Tao e Simplicity grandeur in thought but simple in everyday life XV Which Chinese beliefs are more prominent in Confucianism XVI Which Chinese beliefs are more prominent in Daoism a Li propriety Ancestor worship b Tang Shi high power which controls nature c Ren or Jen Social and political aspects a Yang and Yin c Spontaneity b Nature living with and adjusting with nature Shinto Japanese XVII Origins of Shinto 7 16 13 12 03 PM a Indigenous religious tradition of Japan Nippon Wei Wei b In Japanese Shen Do the Way of Spirits Called so after the name for Butsu do the Way of Buddha XVIII Shinto a Kami No Michi The Way of Kamis or Spirits b Kamis active in nature i Powers of nature ii Can be good or evil iii Need to be in harmony with them iv Everything is filled with Kamis c Kamis unpredictable XIX Goal of Japanese life a is to live in Harmony with Kamis b How can such harmony be achieved i This is explained in the Myth of Creation XX Myth of Creation a In the beginning there was nothing it was absolute chaos which somehow came to reside by several kamis from amongst the kamis Two of them became primordial or cosmic kamis They are izanami and izaugi which literally means female who invites and male who invites respectively XXI Myth of Creation Motifs a Four main motifs for careful attention i Izanami and Izaugi gave birth to the other kamis one was Fire Kami ii Izanami burned became ugly iii Embarrassed by her looks she goes to the underworld iv Izaugi searches for her v He becomes dirty takes purifying bath in ocean XXII Chronicles of Japan a The Kojiki 712 A D b The Nihongi 720 A D XXIII Worship at Shrines a Entrance to Torii Shinto Shrine b Pass through the gateway c They are written after the accounts given in Chinese literature c Wash your hands and mouth at water basin inside the entrance d Kami is enshrined in a room where the worshipers go i Bow and ring bell to get Kami s attention e Daily worship occurs in small shrines called Kamidan found in every XXIV Shinto Traditions a Special Festivals Matsuri house at age 5 b 7 5 3 Girls brought to shrines for blessings at the ages 3 7 boys c Shamans are generally females i Have special powers to communicate with kamis who can foretell what lies in the future Overview 07 16 2013 1 What is syncreticism Follow more than one religious tradition 2 Religious tradition native to China Japan China Confuciasm Daoism Japan Shinto 3 When did Buddhism arrive in China Japan China 100 A D Japan 780 A D 4 Origin of words China Japan what do they mean China Chongwo Center of universe Japan land of the rising sun 5 Ancient Chinese Beliefs Ancestorship funeral ritual ceremony necessary Yang Yin light dark opposite everything made out of I Ching Book of Changes patterns of nature adjust yourself 6 Original name of Confucius Rung Fu ti great teacher 7 Where and when was our Confucius born Lou Near Bejing 551 B C 8 What was he by profession Tax collector Jen Ren Love for humanity 9 Main concept of Confucianism Li Educate Xiao Filal PIETY Respect for Elders Elder brother younger brother Five Relationships Father son Husband Wife