Bone mass Most bone is formed early in life decreases with age peaks around 30 years of age Major Minerals Bone resorption When too little calcium is consumed the body maintains normal blood levels by breaking down bone to release calcium Calcium Most abundant mineral in the body 99 in the body is found in solid mineral deposits in the bones and teeth and 1 is found in intracellular fluid blood and extracellular fluid for release of hormones nerve transmission muscle contraction and blood pressure regulation Found in dairy products dark green vegetables fish with bones foods processed and fortified with calcium DASH diet Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Electrolytes Function 1 Fluid balance Functions maintain fluid balance and responsible for distribution of water in between intracellular extracellular compartments Electrolytes Function 2 Conducting Nerve impulses Na K moving across membranes stimulation increases permeability of the nerve cell membrane to sodium and then to potassium Electrolytes Function 3 Regulation of Blood Pressure Low blood pressure causes kidneys to release renin which helps form angiotensin II At the same time blood vessels constrict and release of aldosterone which causes kidneys to retain sodium and water In return it regulates normal blood pressure Factors that affect mineral bio availability fiber phytate oxalate other minerals competing for absorption person s needs Function of minerals Act as cofactors needed for enzyme activity regulate body processes regulate water balance affect growth development through their role in the expression of certain genes regulate blood pressure contribute to bone health muscle contraction nerve transmission and keep blood healthy and immune function strong Hypertension the silent killer Blood pressure consistently at or above 140 9mm mercury Caused by increased contractions of the heart increased blood volume or narrowing of the blood vessel Low sodium 140 mg or less serving Magnesium About 50 60 in body is in bone and remaining is inside cells It maintains bone structure regulates Ca homeostasis cofactor and part of complex that stabilizes ATP structure Found in leafy greens nuts seeds legumes bananas germ and bran of whole grains Major minerals macro minerals Mineral required in the diet in amounts greater than 100 mg per day Major minerals Sodium chloride potassium calcium phosphorus magnesium sulfur Minerals Essential inorganic nutrients needed by the body in small amounts for health and maintenance Minerals for Bone Health Calcium magnesium phosphorous major minerals and fluoride trace minerals Minerals for Fluid Balance Electrolytes Sodium Potassium and chloride Oxalates Found in spinach rhubarb beet greens and chocolate have been found to interfere with the absorption of calcium and iron Phosphorous Second most abundant mineral in body hard mineral in bones teeth important in energy metabolism a component of phospholipids involved in regulating enzyme activity major constituent of DNA and RNA and part of a compound that can prevent changes in acidity so that chemical reactions inside the cell can proceed normally Found in meat fish poultry dairy food additives Phytates Found in whole grains bran and soy products bind calcium zinc iron and magnesium limiting the absorption of these minerals Reduce sodium contains at least 25 or less sodium per serving than the reference food item Results of hypertension Atherosclerosis heart attacks strokes kidney failure and early death at risks are genetics race age obesity diet and activity Sodium Free 5 mg or less serving Tannins Found in tea and some grains can interfere with the absorption of iron Trace minerals micro minerals Minerals are required in the diet in amounts less than 100 mg Trace minerals Iron zinc selenium fluoride chromium copper iodine manganese molybdenum