HESP Exam 1 Review Chapter 1 Communication and Communicative Disorders Communication o What is communication Communication is a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols signs or behavior o Factors that can disrupt communication Length of message Familiarity of message Speaker s speech Listener s hearing Background noise o What are communication disorders Problems in communication in 3 areas Language Speech Hearing Nature of communicative disorders Formulating o Ability to put thoughts and ideas into words or signs or symbols Transmitting o Organizing and coordinating speech muscles r limbs with thoughts and ideas Receiving information to the brain Comprehension o Ability to use our sensory systems to transmit o Decoding and understanding the message that was sent LANGUAGE CODE Language disorders o Problems using or understanding the code or symbols or rules Limited number of symbols Not using symbols in correct order Not using any code Using a code no one else knows Hearing the code not knowing what it means o Examples of language problems How do we convey language o Speech verbal output SPEECH IS WHAT YOU HEAR It is the physical output of language o Gestures gestural output ex Sign language o Pictures visual output Speech problems o Articulation o Voice o Fluency Hearing disorders Poor production of symbols Problems with production of sound hoarse Problems with the flow of speech stuttering o Need to be able to identify the presence of sound distinguish between different sounds perceive the sounds in rapid succession and understand the code o Not just one type of hearing problems Turn sound up loader Can only hear certain sounds o Examples PROFESSIONALS speech language pathologists o speech therapists speech clinicians speech teacher ALL THE SAME o trained to identify diagnose treat and help to prevent communicative 2 years course work and clinical experience take national exam praxis work for 9 months with supervision clinical fellowship and a disorders o provide evaluation and treatment for language disorders speech disorders swallowing disorders o must have master s degree mentored practice o nationally certified by ASHA o licensed by state o work settings schools public private special hospitals rehab centers skilled nursing facility long term care facility private practice university clinics o populations served babies to elderly mild to severe impairments o CCC SLP evaluations only treatments only specific disorder areas Audiologists o Specialists trained in the nonmedical treatment of hearing balance and o Provide some treatment aural rehabilitation lip reading speech training other related ear problems hearing aid orientations o Recommend dispense and instruct patients in using hearing aids cochlear implants or other assistive listening devices o Test hearing and describe hearing loss o Refer to MDs for medical treatment o Must have doctorate AuD Credited and certified by either or both ASHA or AAA 3 years coursework clinical experience research 4th year paid internship o licensed by state o CCC A o Work settings Hospitals MD offices majority usually with ENT Industry hearing aid manufacturers Gov organizations research and clinical Schools University clinics Private practice o Populations served Infants to elderly Specific problems Cochlear implants Hearing aids Assistive listening aural rehab Speech language and hearing scientists o PhD level 6 years o Primarily research and teaching o May or may not be clinically certified o Usually have specialization area o Work settings Universities teaching research Government research NIH Clinical medical Speech language pathology assistant SLPA o Can be a 2 year degree or 4 year Industry hearing aid companies o Usually state licensed MD does o Not ASHA certified o Requires coursework observation hours and clinical hours Can not do evaluations Provide therapy under supervision of SLP Audiology assistant o Not as organized as SLPA programs Nova Southeastern in Florida online o Can do technical skills Testing hearing in infants and adults o Can not interpret hearing info o Can not dispense hearing aids Organizations o ASHA American Speech language Hearing Association Representing SLPs audiologists and speech language and hearing scientists Established a code of ethics that focuses on the importance of the welfare of the client being treated as well as the member s responsibility to maintain professional competence provide accurate and honest information to the public and monitor the professional standards of colleagues Certify both SLPs and AuDs Certify college training programs Determine what courses are required 140 000 members o American Academy of Audiology AAA o IFA International Fluency Association Chapter 11 Anatomy and Physiology of Hearing and Hearing Disorders Chapter 12 Hearing Testing and Management of Hearing Disorders Know structures and functions of all parts of ear listed in class Know general principles of how hearing works Anatomy of the ear 3 major parts o Outer ear Pinna or auricle part that you see loudness serves as a sound gathering function and helps to funnel sounds toward the ear canal Important for sound localization Lobule earlobe External ear canal about 1 5 inch long covered in cilia little hairs Cerumin ear wax keeps away bugs Helps in the transmission of sound from the external environment to the middle ear 2 sections outer cartilage inner bone o Middle ear air filled space Hearing measurement o Pure tone testing most common type o Inner ear Tympanic membrane ear drum not flat Cone shaped pliable so it moves the vibrations Ossicles malleus incus stapes Eustachian tubes connect the middle ear to the back of your throat Middle ear muscles Oval window opening between middle inner ear Semicircular canals important for balance movement and helping to determine the postion of our body in space Cochlea INSIDE is important Most important for hearing Fluid filled space Hard bony structure on the outside with 3 different fluid filled chambers bony snail shell like structure Inner ear fluids Basilar membrane inside of cochlea Hair cells Test different frequencies and intensities Approx 125 8000 Hz frequency pitch Approx 10 dB 110 dB loudness intensity Audiometer machine used to test hearing use headphones o 2 ways of testing air conduction bone conduction o air conduction headphones sounds travel through air through the outer middle inner ear to the