Gabrielle Kains COMM107 1 29 13 Chapters 1 and 2 Chapter 1 The Human Communication Process Communication Defined Communication a conscious or unconscious intentional or unintentional process in which feelings and ideas are expressed as verbal and or nonverbal messages that are sent received and comprehended Can be accidental unintended Can be expressive resulting from the emotional state of the person Can be rhetorical resulting from specific goals of the communicator Intrapersonal communication personal communicating with yourself Thought processing personal decision making listening and determining self concept Interpersonal communication communication that takes place between two or more persons who establish a communicative relationship Face to face or mediated conversations interviews and small group discussions Public communication characterized by a speaker sending a message to an audience Direct or indirect Communication is Dynamic the process is always in a state of change Continuous it never stops Irreversible once we send a message we cannot undo it Interactive we and others react to our own speech and actions and those of others Contextual we develop the awareness and skills to function effectively as communicators and to adapt to setting people and purpose The Components of Human Communication Selective communication we can choose the symbol we believe best demonstrates the idea or concept we wish to express Source originator of the message Receiver recipient of the message Message communication Feedback response to a message Frame of reference perceptual screen Communication noise the potential for communication disruption Communicator Perceptions Perceptions the way you view the world Culture the background worldview you hold Communication skills developed from experience and training Physical and emotional states how you feel at a particular time Experiences your cultural background Attitudes negative and positive predispositions to respond to any stimulus Memory ability to store and recall information Expectations what you anticipate will occur The Communication Process Encode take ideas and put them into message form Primary signal system the senses seeing hearing tasting smelling and Decodes translates Channel the method in which communication occurs The act of speech is not itself communication it involves the development of touching a relationship Communication noise any internal or external interference in the communication process Environmental noise outside interference that prevents the receiver from Physiological impairment noise when a physical problem blocks effective Semantic noise problems regarding the meaning of words i e different gaining the message sending or receiving languages Syntactical noise inappropriate grammatical usage Organizational noise when the source fails to realize that certain ideas are best grasped when presented in a structured order Cultural noise results from preconceived unyielding attitudes derived from a group or society about how members of that culture should act or in what they should or should not believe Psychological noise when stress frustration or irritation causes us to send or receive messages ineffectively The context where the communication is taking place and the general attitude of those assembled Communication as a System The flow of communication in a consistent pattern allows communication to be regular and predictable and gives everyone who participates a sense of assurance and security The type of communication system used affects who speaks A communication system can be shaped by the communicators age status gender attraction toward each other and cultural heritage A particular setting may encourage or discourage communication Models of Human Communication Linear model of communication a source encodes a message and sends it to a receiver through one or more sensory channels then the receiver receives and decodes the message Interactional model of communication a source encodes and sends a message to a receiver through one or more of the sensory channels the receiver receives and decodes the message and then encodes feedback and sends it back to the source making the process two directional Adaptation the original source encodes a new message that adjusts to the Transactional model of communication the communicators simultaneously process feedback messages Multidirectional one person is not the source and one is not the receiver both take both roles The Media as Communicators Media radio television the internet magazines newspapers film Has profound effects on our everyday lives Communication and Culture Intercultural and Intracultural Communication Nationality refers to the nation in which one was born now resides or has lived or studied for enough time to become familiar with the customs of the area Other cultural group identifiers region religion political orientation socioeconomic status gender sexual orientation age vocation avocation family background marital status parental status Culture all those individuals who have a shared system of interpretation Intracultural communication when you interact with those with whom you have a Intercultural communication when you speak to those with whom you have little cultural bond or no cultural bond Multiculturalism pot Multiculture a society consisting of varied cultural groups i e the U S melting Pluralism individuals are encouraged to maintain their individual identities and still be part of the larger group PAGE 24
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