Feminism Feminism What is it 12 02 2013 o Label identity vs ideals values o Most Americans support feminist ideals o Equal pay maternity leave o Significantly less women and even fewer men will label themselves as feminists Gender differences Greatly exaggerated in pop culture media Males and females more similar than different in almost all ways o Differences usually small to moderate o Sometimes explained by other social variables No real differences in mean in reality Physical behavioral o Sexuality sex drive o Aggression Emotions o Expressions especially negative Co rumination when you fixate on something or mull it over in your head and share it with someone else really unhealthy o Intensity Self report bias o Emotion regulation Cognitive o Math science STEM o Visio spatial abilities o Verbal writing skills women men o Communication women men Decoding non verbal behavior women men Gender and Communication Social Role Theory Gender differences aren t innate they are a result of socialization o Parents peers siblings media o School Girls score higher grades Reinforcement is different for boys girls Relationships Stereotype Men independent women interdependent o Reality men more collectively focused women more relationally focused o Men side by side shared activities groups o Women face to face Explaining gender differences Evolutionary psych o Different selection pressures Sexual strategies theory o Differential parenting roles o Paternity uncertainty mate with as many potential partners as possible women are always certain but it s costly and they need to find a partner with whom to help raise a child o Acquiring resources Sexual desire sex drive Men women o Frequency and intensity o Masturbation fantasy o Tie to satisfaction o Men initiate but women are more in control Sexual Double Standard the idea that men and women will be evaluated differently in the pursuit of casual sex Women men Women men Specific evaluations Women less likely to accept offers of sex o Their anticipated response is different Intelligence promiscuity socially inappropriate sexually desperate Men anticipated less perceived intelligence mental health attractiveness socially inappropriate more homosexual Conclusions and caveats o Promiscuous men and women are both evaluated harshly o Men and women are both afraid of stigma associated with sexual behavior Albeit for different reasons o Target vs evaluator judge o Varies by type of sex act Attraction and Relationships 12 02 2013 Attraction Socialization learning theory o Certain features are culturally normative valued some features universal Mutuality in liking o Consistent with reciprocity norms o Probability of acceptance Reinforcement o Confirming self schema Situational Factors Proximity mere exposure liking attraction o Familiarity o mermaid theory Similarity o Linear association between physical distance and less o Features attractiveness matching hypothesis People generally know their social worth and like finding partners that are on an equal level o Personality demographics attitudes values musical taste perceived to have similar morals and characters o The myth of opposites attract o Confirmation bias Misattribution of Arousal Physical warmth o Recall holding a hot beverage relative to a cold beverage primes people for viewing that person as more friendly and viewing someone as more generous Implication conclusions o Attraction can easily be manipulated People wrongly assume attractiveness The situation is more determining in perception of more Arousal or less attractive Hearing one s own heartbeat Novel and exciting activities o Mimics the self expansion process Secrecy additional element caused increased feelings of attractiveness between the people but really bad in long term Alcohol the beer goggles effect o Everyone looks more attractive even same sex targets Features Random pairing study o Compared variables predicting attraction Physical attractiveness mattered most o Recall Halo effect o Masculine feminine features symmetry Paradox of social norms Conformity acceptance o Similar values trust o Ease of understanding predicting behavior o Norm violations creativity risk taking behavior especially However for men Rejection need to belong relatedness need for intimacy o rejection interferes with agency self control cognitive effects social effects o decrease in ability performance o lower altruistic motivation o higher antisocial behavior It hurts brain processes mimic physical pain It feels cold people report temperature being lower It makes you cold extremities blood flow to central organs Hurts even for rival groups and universally hated despised groups Caveat o Hurts more for the rejector Guilt and negative affect dominate o Rejected individuals recover swiftly Recall affective forecasting Rejection Sensitivity Effects of rejection accumulate if you are rejected in the past you feel more apprehensive about being rejected in the future Apprehension rejection self fulfilling prophesy Stigmatize the rejected behavioral confirmation NOT the same as self esteem Love Love is a drug literally Passionate love o Selective attraction o Appears to be universal not cultural although attitudes vary Companionate love o Affection commitment trust close friendship Can Love last Yes o Companionate love commonly increases across the lifespan Passionate love about 10 in older couples o Confirmed by neuroimaging studies Sternberg Triangular Theory of Love Intimacy Passion and Commitment o Intimacy and Commitment liking companionate o Passion and Intimacy romantic love o Commitment and Passion fatuous love 12 02 2013
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