3 18 individual What is Social Psychology The study of how a person s thoughts feelings or behavior are influenced by the real imagined or implied presence of others What are social influence conformity and groupthink Social Influence The process through which the real or implied presence of others can directly or indirectly influence the thoughts feelings or behavior of an Social Norms The customary rules that govern behavior in groups and societies Conformity Changing one s own behavior to match that of other people Conforming to what people expect of you in order to fit in Ex Asch Experiment Seeing if people will conform based on other people in the groups answers cid 127 Groupthink Occurs when people place more importance on maintaining group cohesiveness than on assessing the facts of the problem with which the group is concerned What is compliance and what are some ways to induce it Compliance Changing one s behavior as a result of other people directing or asking for the change Ex Someone says that we should start recycling because it is better for the Earth so you say OK I will start recycling What is obedience cid 127 Obedience Changing one s behavior at the command of an authority figure Important because we know it has a profound influence on what people do Ex The Holocaust People were put in concentration camps and were starved and treated extremely poorly When prison guards were asked why they did this to these people they answered because I was told to do so cid 127 Milgram Study Example of obedience Teacher administered what he or she thought were real shocks to a learner Teachers didn t know the learner was really an actor and wasn t actually being shocked They questioned whether the experiment should go on They kept administering the shocks some which could have been potentially fatal because of the authority figure telling them to do so the man in the white Ex Movie Trailer shown in class Compliance based on a real event that happened in 2005 at McDonald s in Mount Washington Someone called the fast food place accusing a female employee of stealing and had the manager do all these things to the employee because she thought the police were telling her too Example of obedience and how far people will go just because they are told to do something Clicker Q It is your first day at a new school Over the course of the day you realize that practically everyone who is anyone is wearing a certain type of shoe Over the course of the next few days you purchase some of these shoes yourself and begin to wear them to school What is this an example of coat A Conformity Four Ways to Gain Compliance likely be yes Foot In the Door Technique Asking for a small commitment and after gaining compliance asking for a bigger commitment 1 If you flat out ask for something often the response will be no but if you ask for something little and then ask for something bigger the answer will more Door In the Face Technique Asking for a large commitment and being refused and then asking for a smaller commitment 1 If you ask for something big and someone says no sometimes if you ask for something smaller after they will say yes Lowball Technique Getting a commitment from a person and then raising the cost of the commitment 1 Ex Ask someone to take a small survey and they say yes and then say OK great it ll only take 15 minutes Thats Not All Technique The persuader makes an offer and then adds something extra to make the offer look better before the target person can make a 1 Ex Info mericals that say Wait thats not all to make the deal sound better and better and then put a time limit on it so you don t have a lot of time to Group Polarization Members involved in a group discussion take more extreme positions and suggest riskier actions than individuals who have not participated decision decide if it is in fact a good deal or not in group discussions What are social loafing and facilitation Social Loafing People put less effort into a task when working with others on that task Social Facilitation The presence of other people to have a positive impact on the performance of an easy task What are attitudes what are their components and how good are they at predicting behavior Attitude A tendency to respond positively or negatively toward a certain person object idea or situation Attitude Feelings I like country music Behavior Actions I buy country music because I feel happy when I listen to it Cognition What you think Country music puts me in a better mood so I m going to continue to buy it Attitudes are often poor predictors of behavior unless the attitude is very specific or very strong cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 How are attitudes formed Formation of Attitudes Direct contact with the person situation object or idea If you don t have an attitude toward something it is usually because you don t know much about it Direct instruction from parents or others Attitude will be that of what you have heard from your parents teachers preachers etc Interacting with other people who hold a certain attitude cid 127 May find that your attitude changes because you are interacting with people who have a different attitude Vicarious Conditioning cid 127 Watching the actions and reactions of others to ideas people objects and situations that result in you forming that attitude Ex Kids learn from what their parents do A mother can talk on the phone while she is driving and tell her kid all she wants that talking on the phone while driving is dangerous but the kid sees her actions and will form an attitude based on that action as well as what she tells him her What is persuasion Persuasion One person tries to change the belief opinion position or course of action of another person through argument pleading or explanation Key elements Source of the message the message itself and the target audience What is cognitive dissonance Cognitive Dissonance Sense of discomfort or distress that occurs when a person s behavior doesn t correspond to that person s impression cid 127 When we feel this way we typically try to get rid of it If you re in a situation and you didn t do something that conforms to your beliefs you feel really uncomfortable until you do something to fix it How do we fix it Change the conflicting behavior change the conflicting attitude or form a new attitude to justify the behavior Clicker Q You
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