Chapter 4 Consciousness NOTE Do animals experience consciousness the same way as people Yes Consciousness the awareness of complex private processes such as perception thinking and remembering No one decided definition Some animals have consciousness personalities emotions Waking consciousness your thoughts feelings and sensations are clear and organized alert Altered state of consciousness thoughts may be fuzzy and disoriented taking bizarre turns less alert or more alert Divided consciousness driving and reaching your destination without really remembering how you got there o Mind is in two different places Daydreaming off in your own world and unaware of reality Sleep one of our body s biological rhythms Infradian occur over a period of time greater than 24 hours period o o Ultradian occur more than once in a 24 hour cycle either day or night eating o Circadian occurs in roughly 24 hours sleep wake cycle Hypnosis Meditation Drugs Sleep Microsleeps brief periods of sleep lasting for a matter of seconds Sleep deprivation symptoms trembling hands inattention staring droopy eyelids general discomfort irritable o Simple tasks are the hardest o Don t pay as much attention to them o Lose a lot of weight People need different amounts of sleep o Babies need almost 16 hours o Older kids need 8 hours o Average 7 hours Theories of Sleep Restorative theory of sleep we sleep for health reasons o Replenish itself Adaptive theory of sleep we sleep because of evolution o Prey animals sleep when they want to be out the way of predators o Predators sleep to take a break Parts of the Brain Hypothalamus Suprachimatic Nucleus SCN Light goes to SCN blue light suppresses melatonin o Produces melatonin sleep o o Serotonin sleep o Body temperature warmest in the morning REM Sleep Rapid Eye Movement paralysis in this stage Non REM Sleep deeper stages of sleep not paralyzed groggy if woken up during this sleep Determine what stage people are in electroencephalograph Brain activity Beta alpha theta delta Go from conscious relaxed mediation deep sleep Stage 1 Light Sleep Start to fall asleep Hypnogogic images or hallucinations Not aware of the fact you are asleep Hypnic Jerk tree sleeping Stage 2 Stage 3 Sleep spindles memory consolidation and learning K Complex Bad to pull an all nighter 20 50 are delta waves Stage 4 Deep Sleep 50 delta waves Confused if woken up children are harder to wake up REM Final Stage Go back through the stages and stops at 2 then goes through REM Nap for 30 90 minutes only 90 dreams long and vivid nightmares Eyes move under eyelids REM paralysis neurotransmitters stop you from moving REM rebound when you are woken up before REM your body keeps trying to get to it faster NOTE REM sleep has a different type of waves Brain is the most active Almost as active as beta waves Sleep Disorders 1 Nightmares 2 REM behavior disorder a Wake up during a dream and act out the events b Middle aged men 3 Sleep walking somnambulism a Usually happens in deep sleep b Person will look awake but will have a blank stare c Affects boys more than girls a Wake up screaming a Really hard time falling asleep 4 Night terrors 5 Insomnia 6 Sleep apnea 7 Narcolepsy a Suddenly falling asleep 8 Sleep related eating disorder 9 Hypersomnia a Sleep way too much 10 Periodic limb movement disorder a Waking up in the middle of the night to eat a Twitchy feelings that wake someone up while they sleep a Waking up constantly while sleeping due to not being able to breath Jet Lag Dreams A period of discomfort and inefficiency while your internal clock is out of phase with your new surroundings Individual differences in adjustment speed o o Generally easier to adjust if going west go to bed later than east go to bed earlier Freud s ideas he loved to look at dreams o Manifest content actual content of the dream itself o Latent content the interpretation of what s going on Activation synthesis hypothesis o Pons play a very important role in dreaming o Activation information mod model AIM o LEARN ABOUT THIS IN THE BOOK o One falls asleep starts to dream realizes their dreaming then controls their dream o People with PTSD have very traumatic dreams so they are later taught how to have a lucid Lucid dreaming dream Hypnosis Fact or myth o Portrayal in books movies and television Can it really make us do something we don t want to do READ OVER Facts About Hypnosis CHART Four elements o 1 The hypnotist tells the person to focus on what is being said o 2 The person is told to relax and feel tired o 3 The hypnotists tells the person to let go and accept suggestions easily Very important o 4 The person is told to use vivid imagination Only about 80 can be hypnotized Hypnotic susceptibility degree to which a person is a good hypnotic subject Theories of Hypnosis Hypnosis as dissociation what is going on Social cognitive theory it o Hypnosis only works on the immediate conscious mind a part of the mind is still aware of o People who are hypnotized are merely playing their expected role even if they do not know NOTE If you were under the influence of hypnosis could I make you steal someone s wallet if you did not want to No if you don t want to do it you can t be made to do it Meditation A method of inducing a calm relaxed state through the use of special techniques o One of several ways to relax o Does not include hypnosis or suggestions Drugs Psychoactive Drugs Psychoactive drugs o Drugs that alter thinking perception and memory Stimulants Depressants Opiates Hallucinogens Physical Dependence Tolerance more and more of the drug is needed to achieve the same effect Withdrawal physical symptoms that can include nausea pain tremors crankiness and high blood pressure resulting from a lack of an addictive drug in the body systems Psychological Dependence The feeling that a drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotional or psychological well being Addiction Stimulants Stimulants Cocaine Nicotine Caffeine Depressants Depressant Opiates Narcotics Opium Morphine Heroin Hallucinogens Hallucinogens The continued use of a mood altering substance or behavior despite adverse consequences or a neurological impairment leading to such behaviors Drugs that increase the functioning of the nervous system Amphetamines o Drugs that are synthesized made in labs rather than found in nature Meth is most popular Makes you very awake and alert o Natural drug produces euphoria energy power and pleasure Sometimes makes you very aggressive o Active ingredient
View Full Document
Unlocking...