COMM 107 Midterm Review Chapter 1 Components of the human communication process As humans we are capable of selective communication Types of noise Communication noise is any internal or external interference in the communication process Environmental noise is outside interference that prevents the receiver from gaining the message This can happen when you are in the kitchen running water and the sounds muffles your friends voice when she asks you a question from an adjoin room Physiological impairment noise when a physical problem can block the effective sending or receiving of a message For example people who are deaf or blind do not have the specific sensory capabilities to receive a message in the same way as do people who can hear or see Sematic noise when problems arise regarding the meaning of words semantics which creates sematic noise For example sematic noise may result when people use language that is common only to one specific group a particular part of a country another nation or a particular field profession or organization Travelers frequently encounter sematic problems Someone who walks in asking for a soda in one part of the country may get a different product when asking for a soda in a different part of the country difference between a soft drink and maybe ice cream fruit flavoring and soda water Experts professors doctors mechanics sometimes forget that those who do not have as much knowledge of their field may not be familiar with its vocabulary For example clients often complain that lawyers fail to communicate well as they often use legal terms that they do not understand Those who text message or instant message frequently forget that not everyone has learned the texting acronyms and abbreviations Syntactical noise is inappropriate grammatical use which can interfere with clear communication this is because each language has a syntax a customary way of putting words together in grammatical form For example receivers may become confused if someone changes tenses in the middle of a story she went down the street and says to him Thus someone who is learning a new language must master not only its vocabulary but also an entirely different system of grammar Organizational noise is when the source fails to realize certain ideas are best grasped when presented in structured order For example this would occur if a geography instructor presents ideas in a random fashion first he talks about India then china then Greece then India and then china After a while his students become so confused that they have no idea what country he is talking about Using a method of organization can provide a clear structure Cultural noise results from preconceived unyielding attitudes derived from a group or society about how members of that culture should act or in what they should or should not believe An instance of cultural noise may be present when members of two religious or nationality groups interact Anther instance of cultural noise is the attitude that any action be a representative of one s own group is always right whereas the actions by a member of another group are wrong Americans who say you must speak English to be American and others who say you don t Physiological noise when one is in a situation where psychological noise stress frustration or irritation causes us to send or receive messages ineffectively For example as you sit in class upset over the argument you had with your suitemate before leaving for class you may be so distracted that you cant concentrate on your professors lecture When your so angry you cant think straight Linear transactional and linear models of communication Linear model of communication a source encodes a message and sends it to a receiver through one or more sensory channels The receiver then receives and decodes the message For example after you buy a computer you view and listen to the message on a cd provided by the manufacturer The CD explains how to download the operating system When you follow the directions and the computer boots up and operates the communication has been successful When using one directional communication unless there is carful analysis by the speaker of the intended audience the setting and the purpose noise factors may be present Advertisers public speakers appearing on television people leaving messages on answering machines and producers of documentaries have no choice but to use the linear model Therefore they must give careful consideration to figuring out the most appropriate language clarifying examples and determining what structure should be used to assist in avoiding listener or view communication noise Interactional model of communication is when a source encodes and sends a message to a receiver through one or more of the sensory channels The receiver receives and decodes the message as in linear communication but then encodes feedback and sends it back to the source thus making the process two directional The source then decodes the feedback message Based on the original message sent and the feedback received the source encodes a new message that adjusts to the feedback adaptation For example Jeff says to Brooke Please hand me the book Brooke looks at the piled of books in front of her and says Which one feedback Jeff responds the red one the top of the pile adaptation It suggests a process which that is somewhat circular sending and receiving receiving and sending and so on Transactional model of communication Theorists have suggested that communication may not be as simple a process of stimulus and response as the linear and interactional models suggest This view point supports the idea that communication is a transaction in which source and receiver play interchangeable roles throughout the act of communication Because of the complexity of this process a clear cut model of the process is not easy to construct In this model the communicators simultaneously process messages So encoding and decoding may occur simultaneously Speakers may send a verbal message and at the same time receive and decode a nonverbal feedback message from listeners Because messages can be sent and received at the same time this model is multidirectional and the message overlaps An instance of this would be when you are speaking to someone and they are simultaneously nodding as your speaking says yes and then and which have you his message while you were simultaneously giving him yours One person is not labeled the source
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