Lecture 5 MARB 435 Outline of Last Lecture 1 Introduction to Metazoa a Metazoan tissues b Extracellular Matrix ECM c Intercellular junctions 2 Origin of Metazoa 3 Embryology 4 Important Terminology 5 Introduction to Zooplankton a Life in the water column 6 Types of Plankton a Mesozooplankton b Macrozooplankton c Megazooplankton 7 Temporary and Permanent Zooplankton 8 Planktonic Larvae a Pros Cons of Larvae 9 Metamorphosis 10 Challenges of Planktonic Life 11 Defenses from Predation 12 Feeding Outline of Current Lecture 1 Writing Lab Library Research Presentation 2 Locomotion of Plankton 3 Vertical Migration 4 Continuous Plankton Recorder CPR 5 Ocean Acidification 6 Possible Effects of Plankton Current Lecture Locomotion of Plankton Plankton can move in a variety of ways but the three main ways are cilia which have been discussed throughout the notes Secondly the usage of jointed appendages is common such as small legs or arms Finally a mean of locomotion is whole body contractions such as the Diels swimming rhythms This is where the fish moves up and down using their body to help them travel throughout the water Whole body contractions are common in mesozooplankton Vertical Migration Most zooplankton control their vertical position by either directly swimming or by changing their buoyancy Zooplankton also use the mechanisms to keep them active at night where they eat where as they spend the day hiding from predators During the day plankton will travel to deeper waters during the day to hide Also plankton leaves the deeper waters to mate leaving the benthic lifestyle for reproductive purposes Continuous Plankton Recorder CPR CPR was made by Sir Allister Harder of England to record plankton using a small metal machine that s three feet by three feet The machine is attached to boats which catch plankton that can be used for research and analysis The CPR is used to run large scale studies of plankton Ocean Acidification This section discusses the various acids and chemical reactions that are found or take place in the ocean water For example Carbon Dioxide CO2 forms bicarbonate HCO3 and carbonate in seawater which lowers the pH Increases in the carbonate pressure from 280 atm to 370 atm atm is a measurement to represent pressure has been recorded to decrease the ocean surface pH by 0 12 units to current 8 2 It s predicted to decrease by 0 3 units soon Possible Effects of Plankton Despite the pros and cons of being plankton and effect that can affect plankton is an increase in net phytoplankton productivity This can sustain more zooplankton