9 17 12 Social Psychology Identity Distinctiveness The Self Personality Self concept self schema Very important for psychological health fulfillment o Continuity over time o Social presentation interaction with others bonding Similarity to others typical feedback o Increase in negative emotion o Motivation to distinguish from others Self descriptors Uncommon experiences Distinctive groups Reduce physical proximity to others Personality need for uniqueness NFU o Less concern for social acceptance o decrease self consciousness o decrease social anxiety shyness Self understanding doesn t self awareness self focus can be taxing effortful potentially distressing o discrepancies between different selves mirror studies self focus o reduces dishonest behavior o increases consistency o increases conformity reducing self focus and self awareness o alcohol and other drugs o binge eating o goal pursuits Self serving biases a zoo of biases self handicapping basking in reflected glory downward comparison overestimating contributions to groups self reference effect endowment effect false consensus options values false uniqueness abilities characteristics The self online easier to be genuine online o irony of the internet anonymity those who express their true self online Self verification motivation to maintain self schema o more likely to form close relationships with people they meet online o despite conflicting information o even if existing schema is negative and new information is more positive o cognitive miser perspective o coherence of self concept authenticity o anxiety reduction increases trust o facilitates social interaction Self Esteem appraisal of oneself as good bad self worth o positive connotations associated with clear understanding of the self self concept clarity effects on behavior o High SE o Low SE Expressing opinions assertvie but also cooperative in group work maintaining eye contact Less prone to social influence Inappropriate physical gestures overly dramatic excessive excuses for failures less eye contact More prone to social influence Sociometer theory Physical appearance aka Halo Effect o Larger than social academic or athletic competence What else contributes to self esteem o Feedback from others character evaluations o Family school work peers Depression suicide eating disorders delinquency and other adjustment o Periods of change transition Outcomes of Self Esteem o High self esteem Associated with general mental health Less distress affective buffering Mized findings for academic achievement o Low self esteem problems o Double edged sword Narcissism Too high self esteem Is self esteem always good Costly pursuits of self esteem o Desire to believe we re worth and good in a vacuum artificially inflated Reverse causality o Lack of motivation to improve learn master a task better oneself Dweck s education research
View Full Document
Unlocking...