M icrobiology Exam 1 Study Guide Gram negative cell wall has an outer membrane Fimbrae allow bacteria to anchor form biofilms Sex Pillus Allow bacteria to mate exchange genetic info symport proteins allow the transport of 2 substances in the same direction a non enveloped virus is easier to kill than prions Phototrophs bacteria that get their energy from the sun thermophiles prefer very warm temperatures 45 70 Staphylococcus non spore former is easier to kill than Staphylococcus non spore former is easier to kill than Mycobacterium Bacillius antracis groups mutation Staphylococci spherical bacteria that form large irregular Ethylene oxide kills bacteria by the mechanism of Ultraviolet irradiation kills bacteria by the mechanisms of creating double stranded breaks in DNA creating highly reactive free radicals and creating thymine dimmers in the DNA Gram negative cell wall is made of thick layer of peptidoglycan The cell number is low and does not increase during lag phase phase phase cell number doubles every generation in log exponential cell number is high but does not increase during stationary Alcohols kill bacteria by the mechanism of dehydration Chemotrophs bacteria that get their energy from organic antiport proteins allow the transport of 2 substances in chemicals opposite directions Mycobacterium tuberculosis is easier to kill than Clostridium tetanii spore former death phase follows prolonged stationary phase Ozone Halogens and Peroxides kill bacteria by the mechanism of oxidation the bacterial cell membrane regulates what goes in out of Capsule Allows bacteria to eva endocytosis by phagocytes the cell of the immune system other bacteria Sex Pillus s function is to transfer genetic information to Diplococci Spherical bacteria that from groups of two Hyperthermophiles prefer extremely hot temps 70 110 Vancomycin is especially effective against staphylococcus aureus log exponential phase follows lag phase Obligate Aerobes are bacteria that grow only in the presence of oxygen The time necessary to kill a bacterial population depends on a number of organisms to start with the method of sterilization and the type of contaminating organism Gentamicin is especially effective against Pseudomonas Vancomycin kills microorganisms by the mechanism of inhibiting Murein biosynthesis Streptococci spherical bacteria that form long chains Lithotrophs bacteria that get their energy from inorganic sources chemicals Heterotrophs bacteria that get their carbon from organic The gram negative cell wall has a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane Psychophiles prefer cool temps 5 to 15 The cell wall is made of peptidoglycan Autotrophs bacteria that get their carbon from CO2 Stationary Phase follows exhaustion of nutrients and or build up of toxic waste by products In the death phase cell numbers decrease Streptomycin kills microorganisms by the mechanism of inhibiting translation Uniport proteins allow the transport of 1 substance in 1 Bacteria that form groups can evade the immune system longer and remain localized Staphylococcus non spore former is easier to kill than direction prions Clavulanic acid helps kill microorganisms by the mechanism of suicide inhibiting of beta lactamase Mesophiles prefer moderate temperatures 25 45 Amoxycillin a synthetic derivative of Penicillin is effective against gram positive and gram negative Faculative Anaerobes bacteria that grow better in the presence of oxygen
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