Welcome to Basic Microbiology BSCI 20021! Course Introduction!♣§Welcome ♣Syllabus —Attendance Exams Grading ♣§Connect-Plus Access and Extra Credit ♣On-line Handouts Vista Web/CT ♣Introduction to Microbiology Why study microbiology?!♣§Well rounded student well rounded nursing professional ♣Prevalent in the news ♣Out of all the microbiology you are supposed to learn what is most important? Nosocomial Infections!♣§It is estimated that in 1995, nosocomial infections cost $4.5 billion and contributed to more than 88,000 deaths one death every 6 minutes.1 ♣§25% - 33% estimated to be preventable! Microbiology!The study of organisms too small to be seen by the naked eye. Microorganisms!“They were the first living organisms on the planet, live virtually everywhere life is possible, are more numerous than any other kind of organism, and probably constitute the largest component of the earths biomass. The whole ecosystem depends on their activities, and they influence human society in countless ways” Prescott, et al., paraphrased from Steven J. Gould Foods!♣§Fermented foods ♣Dietary supplements ♣Food additives —Xanthan gum Filtration, Sewage & Septic Systems !Enzymes and Toxins!Pesticides!♣§Natural protein produced by Bacillus thuringiensis ♣Kills many insect pests Genetically Engineered Microorganisms!♣§Hormones —Insulin, growth hormone ♣§Vaccines —Hepatitis B ♣§Pollutant Degradation —Oil and toxic chemical spills Growing Microbes for Human Use! Nitrogen Fixation!♣§N2 NH4+ ♣Only carried out by bacteria! ♣A source of nitrogen for all other organisms on the planet. Ecologic Functions-Nutrient Cycles!Example Organisms!♣§Free living forms —Azotobacter ♣§Plant symbiont —Rhizobium ○?A Legume symbiont ♣§Cyanobacteria —Anabaena Other Ecologic Functions!♣§Other elemental cycles —Sulfur, phosphorus, iron, others ♣§Decomposition Association with Animals! Ruminant animals complex chambered stomach The rumen is the largest chamber filled with bacteria and protozoa Around 106 protozoa and 1010 bacteria per ml of rumen fluid Microbes provide digestion of complex carbohydrates and act as a protein source Disease Causing Microbes!Microbial Taxonomy!Naming and classifying microorganisms Classification of Microorganisms!♣§Taxonomy —Classifying, organizing and naming of organisms How do you tell different types of microorganisms apart? Problems ○?Some microorganisms act quite differently but look the same Classification of Microorganisms!—Approaches ••Morphologic characteristics ••Physiologic/metabolic characteristics •Ecological characteristics ••Genetic analysis ••nucleic acid analysis Taxonomic Levels/Categories!♣§Domain ♣Kingdom (used in Eukarya) ♣Phylum or Division ♣Class ♣Order ♣Family ♣Genus ♣Species Three Domain System!♣§Domains largest groupings —Bacteria Archaea Eucarya Kingdoms! Writing the Name of a species!žUse both the Genus name AND the species name together: žHuman = Homo sapiens The cholera bacteria = Vibrio cholera What Groups Include Microorganisms!žDomain Bacteria —The bacteria žDomain Archaea —The Archaea žDomain Eukarya —Fungi Protista The protozoa and algae History of Microbiology!Famous Microbiologists!♣§Anton Leeuwenhoek —1600’s, early microscopists ♣§Edward Jenner —1796, smallpox vaccination ♣§Louis Pasteur —1800’s, fermentation, rabies vaccine ♣§Robert Koch —1800’s, germ theory End!♣§Go to: Methods of Study
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