England Center of Central Government Center of UK Government quasi department of PM parliamentary accountability Prime Minister fluctuating role application depending on contingent circumstances public leadership direction and steering of government no executive responsibilities and not the chief executive chairman of cabinet cid 127 manages the cabinet and uses staff to do so Cabinet Office Treasury economic policy international and national public finance fiscal policy and taxation public expenditure similar to Office of Management and Budget in USA not like the US Treasury Home Civil Service contributes to excessive centralization balance of power between central and local government pushed by Cabinet office Cabinet Office provide support for collective government serve prime minister as chairman of the cabinet recommendations enhance administrative resources at center create entity PM can control department cid 127 Government site coalition government formed in 2010 Prime Minister head of UK gov t responsible for policy and decisions oversees operation of Civil Service and gov t agencies appoints members of gov t principal figure in House of Commons Deputy Prime Minister appointed coalition government Cabinet cid 127 ministers 1 prime 21 cabinet ministers 99 other ministers cid 127 made up of senior members of government discuss important issues for government agencies 24 ministerial departments 22 non ministerial departments 300 other agencies civil service chosen by PM from members of the House of Commons and House of Lords responsible for actions and successes and failures of departments practical and administrative work of government coordinated and managed by Prime Minister as Minister for Civil Service services for the public like center of government combined powerful political actor PM with weak tools for cross government leadership cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 Scottish McIntosh Commission institutionalize and regularize interaction between local authorities and Scottish executive cid 127 Wales Partnership Council to provide forum for exchange between Welsh assembly government and local government paying benefits and pensions running employment services Devolution and Local Government Scotland Wales devolution improved relationships than historically umbrella group of Scottish local government Convention of Scottish Constitutional Authorities COSLA shared ownership of Scottish policy among Scottish executive and parliamentary members cid 127 Wales interdependence cid 127 Welsh assembly used to implement UK policy in same way as England does devolution required new autonomous policymaking partnership and centralism problems finances extreme devolution and overregulation budgetary squeeze made by local authorities around UK before devolution tensions in central local relations even with devolution inclusivity and codetermination UK local regions regional administration reforms London government offices establishment regional level coordination and implementation of central government departments your region your choice concrete establishment strategic coordination ERAs Northern Ireland boards overall 26 district councils have minor role in service provision regulation of building services EH public entertainments and providing members of gov t only 3 4 public expenditures in Northern Ireland made by local government in 2002 2003 36 6 in Scotland current structure of local government bound up with local identity and is popular local regional relationships in Scotland Wales London suggest local and regional levels are engaged in common project bound by territory partnership that helps embed and legitimize devolution parochial Northern Ireland difficult to achieve general interests Germany The Federal Government 14 ministers and Chancellor compose the Federal Cabinet 2 chancelleries Ministers of State Cabinet cid 127 Ministries one another Federal Chancellery and Federal Government Commissioner for Migration Refugees and Integration cid 127 minister of state in federal chancellery and federal government commissioner for culture and the media declining party membership in religious agrarian socialist communist especially noteworthy liberal conservative far right and green Federal Press Office Both Politics and Society in Western Europe overall W Europe tendency increasing membership in ethnic left socialist protest cid 127 Germany parties religious CDU Christlich Demokratische Union CSU Christlich Soziale Union upward tendencies cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 support for communist left socialist ultra right parties 6 0 support for class based parties commie socialist left socialist 38 4 1990 1994 support for religious ethnic and agrarian parties 42 7 1990 1994 pluralistic PR Hare England British Liberal Party support for communist left socialist ultra right parties 0 support for class based parties commie socialist left socialist 43 3 1995 1997 support for religious ethnic and agrarian parties 5 0 1995 1997 pure unitary state theory all public power derives from parliament expressions of territorial autonomy before devolution movement in the 1960s adjacent islands are run by legislative assemblies with special powers from parliament Northern Ireland is governed from Westminster decentralized offices for Scotland Wales and Norther Ireland in their capitals genuine national system of law always been practiced in Scotland cid 127 minority government PM and cabinet are from a party coalition of parties that don t have a majority of seats in parliament constructive vote of no confidence vote of confidence that unseats current gov t and installs new gov t at same time consensual system consensus based coalition of parties has majority in legislature