cid 127 Origins establishment of 3 organizations known as the European Communities transfer sovereignty from member states to supranational institutions European Coal and Steel Community 1951 European Economic Community 1957 European Atomic Energy Community 1957 Schuman Plan May 1950 Robert Schuman Foreign minister of France Establishing an EU how does change occur in the EU Treaty Revision established European Economic community deeper integration Treaty of Rome 1957 Treaty of Maastricht 1992 changed name to EU paved way to the Euro Common Foreign and Security Policies increased power of supranational institutions Enlargement addition of new member states originally six members France cid 127 Germany Italy Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg today 28 first enlargement 1972 UK Ireland Denmark second 1981 cid 127 Mediterranean countries cid 127 Greece Spain Portugal third 1995 neutral countries Austria Finland Sweden fourth 2004 former communist Approaches to integration two approaches to European cooperation inter governmentalism coordination among member state governments to solve common problems cid 127 member state sovereignty remains intact supranationalism to solve common problems some sovereignty is delegated to supranational institutions can compel member states to follow common policies currently EU is a combination of inter governmentalism and supranationalism some policies decided jointly by member states through intergovernmental cooperation other policies are decided by supranational institutions away from national control goals political peace through economic interdependence among member states cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 similar standards and performance in education social policy etc common foreign policy economic free trade and economic prosperity common market social accomplishments unification of entire continent single market economic and monetary union the Euro common foreign and defense policy rehabilitation of most post communist countries strengthening of common policies vs intergovernmental policies challenges democratic legitimacy of EU adoption of new members after 2004 enlargement future enlargement Turkeyn implementing new provisions in Treaty of Libson cid 127 Moravcsik Choice for Europe what caused advance of European integration National governments seeking to advance the interests of constituents opposes view that the EU institutions themselves have independent impact cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127