EXAM 2 Foundations of Counseling Chap 6 10 PowerPoints active listening empathic confrontation I Active Listening CHAPTER SIX Listening is an active process o Hear what they re saying anticipate how clients will respond o See their point of view o Feel their experience 3 skills so you don t mix your own ideas o encouraging short responses verbal nonverbal result key words short statements gestures head nods smiling your clients will elaborate on their story more too much of this can be annoying o paraphrasing known as reflection of content shorten and clarify what was just said ROGERS use the clients key words what do you mean by frustrated essence of what was just said result clients will feel heard give more detail without repeat can correct if your interpretation is wrong The how of active listening steps 1 Sentence stem sometimes using the client s name 2 Key words used by the client to describe the situation 3 Essence of what was said transforming the client s confused statement into meaningful statements 4 Checkout is that right accuracy summarize comments and integrate thoughts emotions and behaviors clarify lengthy and complex discussions similar to paraphrase but used over longer time span open and close sessions result clients feel heard may learn how different parts of what they said are integrated o summarizing research o active listening is empirically associated with client satisfaction stronger counselor client relationships client engagement and retention more accurate diagnosis by health professionals better client outcomes II Reflecting Feelings CHAPTER SEVEN Reflection of feeling identify the key emotions of a client and feed them back to clarify affective experience o Predicted result clients will experience and understand their emotional state more fully and talk more in depth about emotions and feelings o Open questions how do you feel about that o Closed questions could it be that you feel angry o Inferences it looks as if you re hurt by her actions Would you say that s Techniques of reflecting feelings o 1 sentence stem I hear you are feeling or it sounds like you feel o 2 feeling label add emotional word to sentence stem looks like you re correct happy o 3 context or brief paraphrase to broaden reflection of feelings add words about when or because o 4 tense and immediacy reflections in the present tense tend to be more useful than past tense o 5 checkout is that right Primary and secondary emotions o Primary Fear Mad less activity in prefrontal cortex Sad 70 different brain regions Glad many areas increase memories in hippocampus o Secondary Theories frustrated confused annoyed guilt shame can be conflicting o Schachter s Two Factor Theory of Emotion Perception of emotion consists of 2 parts physiological arousal emotional label for that arousal o Barrett s Conceptual Act Model Every moment results from combo of 3 sources of stimulation 1 Sensations from the world 2 Sensations from the body 3 Prior experiences Core affect o Pleasure vs displeasure o High arousal vs low arousal o Measured on continuum from to o Contemporary Neuroscience Research Hippocampus memory organ negative things blow a fuse Hypothalamus switching station sends messages Positive Emotions o Decrease cardiac reactivity o Faster recovery from stressful situations o Contradictions Don t try to jump to positive emotions too quickly May feel like their situation is being diminished Conclusion o our need for closeness goes deeper than basic need for survival o we naturally desire secure attachment o adult attachment same patterns as children attachment injuries occur when significant people don t meet out expectations ex Cheating III EFT theory of change o emotionally focused therapy EFT o evidence based model o EFT main objectives promote secure bonds with partners focus on the present moment focus on emotions little emphasis on insight THEORY attachment o Innate and primary motivating force behavioral theorists o Harlow s research Surrogates self soothing partnering later in life parenting o Bowlby and Ainsworth s work 3 types of attachment styles secure avoidant anxious o Primary emotions drive our cognitions and behaviors o Access primary emotions change thoughts and behaviors Interaction cycles behaviors o Patterns created and maintained by emotions reactions and subsequent o Couples can become stuck o Can look very similar even when details change because they activate our core emotions which we respond to in repetitive ways Role of Therapist o Choreographer restructure relationship dance o Collaborator sometimes follow sometimes lead o Process consultant help partners reprocess their emotional experience Stage 1 De escalation o Step 1 create alliance and identify problem o Step 2 identify interaction cycle o Step 3 identify underlying emotions o Step 4 reframe problem in terms of underlying feeling and attachment needs Stage 2 changing interactional positions o Step 5 access unacknowledged needs and emotions o Step 6 promote partner acceptance o Step 7 expression of needs and create bonding events that redefine the interaction Stage 3 consolidation and integration o Step 8 develop new solutions o Step 9 new and healthier cycles of interaction 3 major shifts o negative cycle de escalation o withdrawer engagement o blamer softening Thoughts vs Feelings o Feelings thoughts and behaviors o Thoughts are developed due to a person s underlying feelings of attachment IV 5 stage session Listening skills CHAPTER 8 The basic learning sequence BLS o Active listening and observation o Open closed questions bring out the story for diagnosis o Encouraging used to help evoke details o Paraphrasing catches what the client is saying o Summarizing brings order and makes sense of client convo o Reflecting feelings examines the complexity of emotions Intentionality BLS same o Knowing when you want to use a certain skill compared to another o Theories models will have different focus but the goals are generally the The 5 dimensions of the well formed interview o 1 Empathic relationship Initiates the session Rapport therapeutic relationship Self disclosure as appropriate Trust Research Poor alliance is an indicator of dropout Span between sessions 2 6 is important Not a linear relationship o Ruptures are important opportunities Lower age adults higher previewed levels of bond Initiating the session Structure Listen for preliminary goals Observe o 2 Story and strengths Gathering data what kind of