BSCI 330 Cell Biology and Physiology Summer 2011 1 Course Information Dr Julian Jenkins III 3263 Biology Psychology Building Office hours by appointment Teaching Assistants Frank Fogarty Arun Amble Lab Coordinator contact via Blackboard 2 Course Information Blackboard https elms umd edu Bookmark it Check every day Announcements Email Textbook Molecular Biology of the Cell 5th Edition Alberts et al Garland Science ISBN 0 8153 4105 9 3 Course Information Exams Exam 1 Thursday July 21 2011 150 pts Exam 2 Thursday August 4 2011 150 pts Final Exam August 18 2011 200 pts NOTE the Final Exam will be comprehensive Grades No curve 4 Course Information Attendance policy Lecture none Lab mandatory MUST attend assigned section missing three labs for ANY REASON results in failure of the ENTIRE COURSE all absences must be documented only University sanctioned excuses will be accepted 5 Course Information Laboratory start July 12 Manual On Blackboard Notebook required for data collection and final grade Attendance late policy see syllabus Schedule and assignments see syllabus 6 History of Cell Biology 7 History of Cell Biology Parallels development of microscope First microscopes developed in 1595 Janssen 1665 Robert Hooke first to look at a cell Looked at cork non living plant tissue Named structures cells 1670 80s Anton van Leeuwenhoek Protozoa bacteria muscle fibers blood flow 8 17th through 19th Centuries by mid 19th century microscopes improved 1838 1855 Cell theory formulated Matthia Schleiden Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow German biologists at the time a revolutionary idea today basic theme in all areas of biology 9 Cell Theory all living organisms are composed of one or more cells the cell is the functional unit of life capable of maintaining independent existence all cells arise from pre existing cells 10 Other Advances in Microscopy 1833 Nucleus described by Robert Brown 1857 Mitochondria described in muscle cells by Rudolf Kolliker 1879 Chromosomes described in mitosis 1898 Camillo Golgi apparatus described using silver nitrate stain 1931 Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll build first transmission electron microscope 1965 First commercial scanning electron microscope 11 Cell Biology Today merges three areas microscopy study of cell structure and ultrastructure with light and electron microscopes biochemistry study of the chemical structure and reactions of living organisms genetics study of inheritance and how traits are expressed in cells 12 Cell Types two basic types of cells prokaryotic cells primitive cells lack an organized nucleus lack membrane bound organelles eukaryotic cells advanced cell types true nucleus many membrane bound organelles 13 Universal Cell Characteristics most basic property life store hereditary information DNA identical code in all cells information decoded by RNA information translated into protein proteins synthesized by ribosomes 14 Universal Cell Characteristics acquisition and use of energy maintain internal environment homeostasis drive synthesis of components chemical reactions mechanical activities self regulating capable of reproduction all cells evolve 15 Cell Diversity genomic diversity of habitat genome reflects environment energy sources for atmosphere phototrophs bacteria algae plants responsible organotrophs animals fungi symbiotic bacteria lithotrophs extremeophiles aerobic vs anaerobic Nitrogen Carbon fixation 16 Prokaryotic Cells include archaea archaebacteria and bacteria eubacteria no nucleus no membrane bound organelles small size 1 2 micrometers m 17 Structure of Prokaryotic Cells cell wall may have capsule may have flagella may have pili plasma membrane cytosol cytoplasm with ribosomes bacterial chromosome some internal membranes 18 Bacterial Morphology 19 Archaebacteria many exist in extreme environments methane producers halophiles acidophiles thermophiles diverged from eubacteria early in the evolution of life more closely related to eukaryotes 20 Eukaryotic Cells true membrane bound nucleus compartmentalized with membrane bound organelles typically 10 20 m in size or larger amazing diversity in form 21 Eukaryotic Cells 22 Typical Animal Cell 23 Animal Cell Plasma membrane regulates passage of materials into and out of cell Nucleus control center of cell directs protein synthesis and cell reproduction Nucleolus ribosome formation Ribosomes protein synthesis Endoplasmic reticulum transport and synthesis of proteins rough ER 24 Animal Cell Golgi apparatus processing and packaging of proteins secretion Mitochondrion cellular respiration Lysosomes intracellular digestion Cytoskeleton cell support and shape Microtubules microfilaments and intermediate filaments 25 Typical Plant Cell 26 Plant Cell Cell wall support and protection Plasma membrane regulates passage of materials into and out of cell Nucleus control center of cell directs protein synthesis and cell reproduction Nucleolus ribosome formation Endoplasmic reticulum Transport and synthesis of proteins rough ER 27 Plant Cell Golgi apparatus processing and packaging of proteins secretion Mitochondrion cellular respiration Chloroplast photosynthesis Central vacuole storage of various substances Lysosomes intracellular digestion Cytoskeleton cell support and shape 28 Model Organisms Bacteria Escherichia coli Cell Culture System HeLa cells Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Plant Arabidopsis thaliana Mammal Mus musculus 29 Viruses viruses consist of a protein coat with a nucleic acid core viruses seem to bridge the boundary between living and non living not classified with living organism studied by biologists 30 Virus Morphology 31
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