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BSCI330 Fall 2012 – Exam I 1 Last Name: _____________________________________________________ Name: KEY Part I. Multiple Choice. (2 pts each) 1. Which of the following describes the relationship between genes A1 and B2 in the image below? Circle all that apply. a. Orthologous b. Paralogous c. Homologous d. None of the above. 2. Which of the following is NOT a possible property of a eukaroytic cell? Circle all that apply. a. Is Lithotrophic b. Is Phototrophic c. Is 2µm in diameter d. Large percentage of genome is noncoding 3. Which of the following is true regarding enzyme inhibitors? a. Reversible inhibitors are rare in nature, but common in industry b. Competitive inhibitors reduce both the KM and the Vmax c. Irreversible inhibitors work by binding covalently to the enzyme active site d. Every enzyme inhibitor is an allosteric regulator 4. Which of the following could allow a nonspontaneous reaction to take place in a cell? Circle all that apply. a. Increasing the concentration of the reactants b. Having a product of the reaction involved in a sequential reaction that is spontaneous c. Increasing the concentration of the products d. Coupling the reaction to the formation of ATPBSCI330 Fall 2012 – Exam I 2 Last Name: _____________________________________________________ 5. Which of the following accurately describes the linkage between the two sugars in the disaccharide below: a. β 41 b. β 14 c. α 16 d. α 41 6. Which of the following molecules is a necessary input for both sugar and fatty acid oxidation? Circle all that apply. a. NADP+ b. FAD c. Acetyl CoA d. CO2 e. NAD f. FADH2 g. Pyruvate h. ATP (answer also accepted) 7. During an immune response, the average interaction strength between antibodies (which are proteins) and their ligands (called “antigens”) tends to increase over time. Knowing this, which of the following statements would be true? a. The average KD for antibody-antigen interactions early in a response is 10-10 M, while the average KD late in a response is 10-6 M b. The average KD for antibody-antigen interactions early in a response is 10-6 M, while the average KD late in a response is 10-10 M c. It is impossible to predict how the KD would change, since it is dependent on the concentrations of antibody and antigen during the immune response.BSCI330 Fall 2012 – Exam I 3 Last Name: _____________________________________________________ 8. Which of the following statements about enzymes is false? a. Enzymes stabilize the transition states of a chemical reactions b. An enzyme must be returned to its original state at the end of each reaction c. Enzymes catalyze the forward and reverse reactions equally. d. Enzymes can change unfavorable reactions into favorable reactions by lowering the G. 9. The energetic trajectory of a series of reactions in a catabolic pathway (AB, BC, CD, etc.) can be plotted on a graph like that in the image below. The graph shows a hypothetical pathway similar to glycolysis, in which the catabolic intermediates are designated A, B, C, etc. The energetic contributions of activated carrier molecules have been omitted from this energy plot. Which reaction in the graph is most likely to be catalyzed by an enzyme that simultaneously uses ADP as a substrate and produces ATP? a. AB b. BC c. CD d. DE e. EF f. FG 10. What type of chemical reaction caused the conversion of the reactant on the left into the product shown on the right?BSCI330 Fall 2012 – Exam I 4 Last Name: _____________________________________________________ a. Condensation reaction b. Oxidation/Reduction reaction in which the reactant is reduced c. Oxidation/Reduction reaction in which the reactant is oxidized d. None of the above. 11. Given your answer to question #10 above, what energy carrier molecule should go in the empty box in the diagram above? a. Acetyl coA b. Carboxylated biotin c. ADP d. NADH 12. Which of the following characteristics would be most likely to allow a protein to serve as a molecular integrator? a. A tertiary structure that has mostly hydrophobic amino acids in the core and hydrophilic amino acids on the surface b. Multiple phosphorylation sites c. The ability to couple ATP hydrolysis with an otherwise unfavorable reaction d. Fluorescence in the visible light range e. Contains a heme prosthetic group 13. Which statement about fluorescence microscopy is true? a. It is not constrained by the same resolution limits as standard light microscopy b. It may allow you to measure the cellular concentration of a specific ion c. It requires cells to be fixed and stained with an electron-dense substance d. All of the above statements are true 14. Which statement about electron microscopy is false? a. Electron microscopy can image cells with higher resolution than light microscopy b. Gold-linked antibodies can be used to localize specific proteins within a cell c. Electron microscopy generally requires cells to be fixed and stained with an electron-dense substance d. Transmission electron is used to image the surface of cells, while scanning electron microscopy is used to image the internal structure of cells. 15. Which of the following would be a use for the technique of flow cytometry? a. Determining whether the ras and src proteins are found in close proximity in the cell b. Imaging individual actin filaments c. Measuring the cell-surface levels of the insulin receptor d. Reconstructing a 3-D image of a mitochondrion e. Flow cytometry could be used for all of the above f. Flow cytometry could not be used for any of the aboveBSCI330 Fall 2012 – Exam I 5 Last Name: _____________________________________________________ Part II. Short Answer Questions 1. Prokaryotes are considered the most biochemically diverse organisms on the planet. What are the 3 major categories of prokaryotes in terms of how they obtain energy from food? Be sure to briefly define each category. (3pts) 1point for each category: Lithotrophs – obtain their energy by converting inorganic material into organic material Organotrophs – obtain their energy by feeding on living things or organic material Phototrophs – obtain energy by converting sunlight into organic material 2. Briefly explain how it is that a gene family can arise within the genome of an organism, starting with a single


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UMD BSCI 330 - Exam I

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