History 1010 Lecture Notes 09 11 12 A China in the sixth century B C E 1 Becomes most populated country in the world 2 Had a cash economy a Confucius 551 479 BCE A teacher Education was the way to maintain morality in society Social Activism Students put together Lun Yu the Analects after he died Center on Chun Tzu the ideal man 3 5 proper behaviors from Confucius a Moderation b Order c Virtue d Obedience to family and government e Rational benevolence B Development of Confucianism 1 Mengzi 372 289 BCE a Advocated a liberal and permissive government 2 Xunxi 310 220 BCE a People were inherently bad wicked and given to improper behavior b Argued that the state should teach morality C Development of Daoism Lao Tzu founded it 1 Believed that people should hail to nature 2 3 Wuwei Disengagement of worldly pursuits 4 Concept Dao The way is in the original force of the cosmos 5 Main idea live in harmony with the Dao D Legalism Laws with severe punishments best way to keep people obedient 1 Full granaries and strong army keys to rule 2 3 Obedient subjects make for a successful state 4 Discouraged education the arts and all non essential trades and pursuits Legalist thinkers scholars E Qin Dynasty 221 207 BCE Shang Yang 390 338 BCE Han Feizi 280 233 BCE 1 Shi Huangdi 221 210 BCE a Expanded China b Pushed the Chinese sphere or influence all the way into south Vietnam c d Standardized roads making all axels on road a certain width Standardized weights Could now have roads going both ways without a traffic jam Prevented the roads from running out so quickly Executed Confucian scholars e Further standardized Chinese script f g Believed in magic h Terra Cotta Warriors from Qin Tomb Rivers of mercury inside it Afterlife Tomb was raided right after he died Took all the terra cotta warriors weapons and left the warriors behind 2 Han Dynasty 206 220 BCE a At its height at the same time as the roman empire was at its height b Han Wu Di Emperor from 141 187 BCE Went after nomads and chased them across central Asia Successful and spread china far west Developed a Han Government and Civil service a well trained bureaucrats b social mobility c Women in Han China Ban Zhou d Art and Sciences Wrote a book on Confucian ethics that women could adhere to these Confucian ideas Sima Qian Try to tell things as they really happen to tell moral lessons Past was a guide to the future Not a lot of social history Porcelain Paper was an important invention Rutters for ships e Mathematics Decimal systems Calculator like thing f Medical Advocated things like regular exercise healthy diet good hygiene and reading pulses Acupuncture 3 Warring States Era 200 CE 600 CE a Sui Dynasty 589 618 CE Brought an end to the warring states era Unified China after 400 years of fragmentation Very short dynasty Ancient Persia Greece CH 6 in book 09 13 12 Shah I title of the former monarch of Iron Persian word for king or emporer Satrap a provincial governor A Achaemenid Dynasty 559 330 BCE Included over 80 different ethic groups 1 2 Did not try to impose their religions and POV s over all the ethnic groups 3 Built an effective bureaucracy 4 Regulated and standardized taxation within their empire 5 6 Cyrus the Great r 559 530 BCE Introduced cash economy to middle east i Persian people called him the father of their nation ii He was as important as Moses was to the Israelites iii His son Cambyses II 530 522 BCE 1 Career demonstrated why the achamenids were so effective 2 He worked as the satrap of Babylon southern Iraq 3 Practice for leading the empire first one to unite the land from Afghanistan to egypt Invaded and subjecated Egypt as emporer 4 7 Darius I r 521 486 BCE i Kind of a distant cousin of Cyrus the Great ii 521 519 BCE Darius fought against the rebels iii Extended the empire all the way to the Indus river in India and Caucusus Mountains and into Anatolia and the Balkans iv Persians and Greeks began to have more regular contact due to his involvement failed in his attempt to subdue the Greeks but maintained dominance of the v Black Sea and Southern Russia sent explorers out into India and the Nile to figure new things out remarkably tolerant of religion vi vii viii allowed the jews in Palestine to rebuild their temple in jerusalem ix followed by his unsuccessful son Xerxes I r 486 465 BCE 1 had some training as the satrap of Babylonia 2 put down revolts and then went after the cultures religions of the conquered people 3 defeated Marduk chief God of Babylon to 484 4 Imposed Zoroastrianism a Monotheistic b Founded by the prophet Zoroaster c Ahura Mazda was the one God Influenced other West Asian Middle Eastern religions d Enternal struggle between good evil e f Gathas sacred hymns g Live to high ethical standards and those who didn t would spend their afterlife in hell 5 Renewed the war against the Greeks 6 Successfully invaded Greece and destroyed Athens in 480 7 Devoted himself to building a palace leading to a coup in 465 where he was assassinated ending the Achaeminid B Ancient Greece Chap 6 1 Greek Colonies i Some in Black Sea region 2 Trading people set out in the Mediterranean 3 Trading colonies far out as Spain and France 4 The Polis City States i Not everyone lived in the polis ii Women and foreigners someone from another city state were not considered full citizens iii Oligarchy rule of groups of elites 5 The Phalanx i Democratic institution ii Took men of a certain age into military training iii Created a sense of community iv Athens was the most important city state 1 Birthplace of democracy 2 Started off with oligarchs and tyrants a Draco Draconian Code b Leaded athens into an atmosphere were conflict could be started 3 Solon died in 560 BCE 4 Key Reforms of Solon Introduced reforms that we know today to be democracy a b Archon first of all equals for one year a Freed to debt of slaves and got land back for them b Standardized weights measures and coinage in Athens c Took a census of people in Athens and assessed everyones wealth d Created a council of 400 leading citizens to govern Athens i Rotated council members every year so there was no disproportionate amount of power e Got rid of the Draconian Code f Revised every single law except the laws of Homicide still g Not everyone accepted the reforms but it was a major step in resulted in execution building democracy 6 Cleisthenes d 508 i Used deme or locality to define citizenship ii Isonomia the principle of equal rights for all citizens 1 women were excluded