Europe II A Capitalism an economic political system in which a countrys trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit rather than by state a Not a system in which everyone is a winner there are winners and losers b Stock Markets c Dutch East India Company Investment banking d i Europeans began to ignore the churches inhibition of investment banking ii The Fuggers 1 Banking family 2 Sponsored individual and kings and queens of Europe in Investment banking 3 Usery charging interest on loans iii The Medicis 1 Based in Venice 2 New kind of rich 3 e Mercantilism state capitalism Loaned money to others that wanted to invest i French Louis 13th Colber ii Augmenting state power for the benefit of the country as a whole iii The acquisition and retention of precious metals iv Using the resources of the state to make the state stronger v Maintenance of overseas colonies 1 Colonies were created to create markets f Poverty B Renaissance europe s rebirth a Renaissance Humanism i Wasn t a rejection of religion or denial of god it was a recognition of human kind as being god like ii They were created in gods image so each man and woman has something godly in him her b Machiavelli i Father of modern political science ii Power for powers sake iii Ends justify the means c Copernicus i Said the earth is not the center of the universe the sun was ii C Protestant Reformation a Martin Luther d 1546 i The 95 theses 1 Convinced the church to reform themselves and end indulgences 2 He wanted the church to strive and prosper but he made the church split off into countless factions ii He was excommunicated by the church 1 Meants that he couldn t receive communion 2 And that he would go to hell iii Church gave him many chances to take back what he said but he refused iv Set off to create his own church 1 Unheard of in Germany 2 Considered heresy 3 He attracted many followers v Translated the bible from latin to german b John Calvin c Henry VIII i A French scholar ii Salvation came from the grace of god iii In medieval thinking the priest is supposed to give the salvation i He broke from the church for political reasons ii Named himself the end of the church in England iii Separate the church of England from the church of rome 1 Help keep England d The thirty years war 1618 1648 i First crisis where firearms were used on both sides ii France became the most powerful European country for the next 20 yrs e p396 397KNOW WHAT THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION WAS f p397 398 read little square about enlightenment Africa IV Islamic World II A Songhay Imported scholars from all over the world a Flourished in 1400 s 1500 s b c Trade empire d Askiya king emperor e Filled void left by collapse of mali f Continues to cultivate ties to Islamic east g Sonni Ali founder and Muhammad I Askia h Fell to morocco in the last decades of 16th century i Timbuktu i Melting pot B Kingdom of Kongo a Maniknogo king b Capital m banza kongo c 1483 portugese arrived d 1491 manikongos convert to Christianity e 1509 1542 reign of King Afonso I f Problems with succession and Portugal g Portugese last manikongo Antonio I in 1665 h Matnaba C Angola Kingdom of Ndongo D Queen Nzinga a b She founded her one kingdom an independent state that resisted encroachment IN 1644 she became the queen of Ndongo E The Swahili Coast of East Africa a Traded African goods i Strong trade relations using Persian gulf b Portugese occupied many of swahilis great trading cities F Ottoman Empire 1300 1699 a Survived until 1923 b Conquered the byzantine empire c d Osman 1 e Murad I f Involved in celtic invasions Suleiman the Magnificent i Sultan when the ottoman empire was at its highest g Administration and Government i Devshirme ii Tax collected children h The Military Sipahis and Janissaries i Military leaders were in charge of education j Ottoman era Islam i The determinism of the religious scholars played a role in the decline of the ottoman empire G The Ottoman Legacy It was there for 500 years a b The modern middle east c The bulkans formerly ottoman lands H Safavid Empire a Are based in Iran b Shi ite muslims not Sunni c Origins i Shah Ismail 1 Claimed descent from the prophet Muhammad d Bitter enemies of the Ottomans i Wasn t clear which one would come to control the Middle east 1 Settled in the Battle of Chaldiran 1514 2 Defeated because the safavid did not use firearms a Believed that faith would stop the bullets e Ruled iran from early 1300s to 1500 f Shah Abbas i Ruled the safavid empire ii Shah Mosque Isfahan g Under the safavids that iran became Shi ite muslim Iran becomes the Islamic republic i The Americas in 1500 A Columbus a Discovering the new world b Sailed back to spain in 1493 c Had a meeting with King John of Portugal portugese B The Tainos C The fall of the Aztec Mecixa D Mocteczuma II a The last Aztec emperor E Cortes the Aztecs i Spanish thought he was pretending to support spain and really was supporting a Cortes was an explorer b Went to mexico without proper authorization c Settled the dispute with the spainiards and finally defeated what was left of monteczumas Aztec military d Returned to spain in 1540 i By this time he was bankrupt a Cortez and the conquistadores has native American allies e Died in 1547 F Codex of Aztec resistance G Inca Empire a Pachacuti and Topi H Atahuallpa and Pizarro a Mayor of Panama i Great inca empire builders i When he was in panama he went rogue ii Then went south into peru b Arranged to have a meeting with pizzaro i Pizzaro had arranged firearms and therefore had an upperhand c Pizzaro set himself up as the governor of peru i Founded the Peruvian capital ii Spent half of his life trying to b uild this city up I Discovery of Portugal Brazil a Treaty of Tordesillas i Split the western hemisphere between Portugal and spain ii Anything discovered belonged to Spain b Brazil i Conquered by the portugese J English and French in North America a Spanish and Portuguese wanted gold and silver b Settled in the less desirable part of the new world c They were interested in mainly raw material d French became single man i Fur trade ii They were more open to the idea of marrying native American women 1 To the eyes of the English settlers they were heretics iii French now known as Cajuns K Pirates a Line between pirates and navy was blurry L North American Indians a The Iroquois Confederation i Formed in order to the hurron in the north ii Democratic M The Columbian Exchange a Europeans got gold and silver and