A Islam Allah comes from Arabic Ilah Ilah means God and refers to non Abrahamic pagan deities means the God and refers to the God worshipped by Jews Christians and Muslims The Five Pillars of Islam Profession of faith Daily prayers Fasting in Ramadan Alms for the poor Pilgrimage to Mecca Jihad The Prophet Muhammad Born ca 570 CE First revelations ca 610 CE 610 622 spreading Islam in Mecca 622 Hijra migration from Mecca to Medina Quran The sacred scripture of Islam It is the word od Hod as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad It is a part of the same scriptural tradition as the Torah and Gospels It is NOT Muhammads sayings teachings or preachings Hadith The Sunna of the Prophet Sunna customs Major divisions in Islam Sunni Islam Majority group Shi ite Islam Minority group Kharijite Islam Sufi Islam Historically important minority Islamic mysticism attempts to improve personal relationship with God tries to be close to God Shi ism Looks to progeny of Ali for leadership 3 major subgroups Imami Ismaili Zaydi Only 10 of Muslims are Shi ites but they now constitute majority in Iran S Iraq and parts of Yemen and Lebanon All Muslims Sunni and Shi ite have respect for the family of the prophet Imami Ha fari twelvers Today they are called Sayyids and sheriffs Follow line of 12 Imams see pg 62 Ali was the first His sons al Hasan and al Husayn were 2nd and 3rd The 6th was Ha far al Sadiq He made the greatest contriibutions to the Shi ites Sharia Law Islamic Law holy law Covers penal law commercial law family law inheritance morals manners belief Jurisprudence Sharia Islamic Law Gods law gods far beyond secular law in some ways Sources of the Sharia Law The Qur an Sunna of the Prophet as embodied in the hadith Ijma consensus of the jurists fuqaha Qiyas analogy to other sources Ra y reeducated reasoning opinion Fatwa Contrary to popular belief a fatwa is not a law that all Muslims must follow it s a legal opinion given by a qualified jurist and it usually pertains to a specific question or topic A fatwa is not binding on anyone and people may choose or choose not to adhere to it By qualified and educated scholars have attended the Islamic equivalent of law school But today there are people without the credentials but believe they have authority from God B Conquests vs Openings C The Spread of Islam to 733 CE Arab and Muslim in Early Islam The vast majority of early muslims were arabs but there were also Christian and jewish arabs During the conquests more and more non arabs converted to islam Soon it was no longer appropriate to equate Arab with Muslim Islam is the religion muslims are those who follow the religion D The Umayyad Caliphate 661 750 The first Islamic dynasty E Abd al Malik al Hajjaj Al Hajjaj was his right hand man Marwan and his allies defeated rebellious tribes at Marj Rahit Abd al Malik contributions Ended the major civil war between the muslims Held the empire together Built the Dome of the Rock Considered the place where Abraham was going to sacrifice his son Or the place the muhammed descends on his journey Rashidun Caliphate a golden age in the eyes of many Ummayad Caliphate the first dynasty in Islam F Chronology 750 945 golden age of the Abbasid caliphate 945 1258 Abbasid caliphs become figureheads there beyond Era saw early sectarian divisions Shi ites Kharijites Sunnis G Harun al Rashid Biography hopelessly lost 1001 Nights image cs The hiswtorical accounts Patron of the arts and religious study The Barma Kids 786 803 802 seeds of discontent split caliphate between his sons al Amin al Mamun H Breakup of the Caliphate Crusades 1097 1291 I To reclaim the muslims from Jerusalem Crusaders went east to the byzantine empire then reached Jerusalem Only 25 of their original people No one was giving them a chance 2 centuries of war began Crusaders stayed in Jerusalem and occupied it J Ayyubids Helped push crusaders back K Mongol Invasions 1200s 1400s Reached Baghdad in 1258 Sacked the city L Mamluk Sultanate 1250 1517 Slave soldiers Very different and strange dynasties M The Ottoman Empire Heads of the entire Islamic middle east Sulayman the Magnificent From 1520 1566 Under Sulayman that the ottomans embarked upon their first seize of Vienna Austria Formalized act of the law and recognized Sharia Law but didn t like it The Mediterranean essentially become an Ottoman Lake A Sui Dynasty B Tang Dynasty 618 907 CE a Equal land distribution b Made state exams for competent gov t officials i Civil service exams c Xenophilia d Greater exposure e Capital to Tang China i Chang an Xi an a Dominant religion in China was Buddhism It continued to influence China within the Tang period C Religions in China i D Tang Literature a Du Fu b Li Bai i Li Bai s contemporary ii Born into a Mandarin family iii Wrote poetry about horrors and suffering of warfare homesickness i Wrote happy and celebratory poetry ii Drunkard known as the falling immortal iii iv He drowned trying to grab the reflection of the moon in a river Imprisoned and exiled E Tang Decline a Money was short b Go into another warring states era F Song Dynasty 960 1279 CE it Started the grand canal b Paper currency c d Witnessed further population growth e Monopolies f Everything was just dandy at the time G Song art science and technology a Gunpowder b Created rudimentary guns and cannons even flamethrowers c Improved their textile industry by improving their spinning techniques for silks and cloths H Neo Confucianism a Zhu Xi i Promoted ethics ii Very interested in philosophy and morality a Took woodlock pringting and experimented with using dyes with Chinese characters on iii Indifferent to natural science I Ghengis Khan d 1227 a Conquered parts of the Northern China J Mongol Hordes Khanates Dynasties Xinjiang W China Central Asia Central Asia Caucasus invaded Russia Persia Middle East Caucasus Ilkhanate Ilkhanids a Yuan Dynasty China b Chagatai Khanatae c Golden Horde d e Mongols were said to be excellent horsemen f g Military technology had composite bows h Used brutality i Reluctant to assimilate to Chinese culture Lived in felt tents K Khubilai Khan the Yuan Dynasty 1206 1368 a Marco Polo Italian merchant i ii Spent 17 years in China iii Wrote a best seller in Europe L The Ming Dynasty 1368 1644 a War ag Mongol Yuan Dynasty 1368 1382 CE b Perfected civil service with restoration of exams and heavy punishments c Heavily centralized rule under powerful emporers civil servants eunuchs and spies d e Rebuilt Grand Canal f g Zheng He and