COMM 107 1 Midterm Study Guide What should you be studying The test will consist of Chapters 1 10 in the book and any class discussion The questions will consist of true false multiple choice and matching Look at the quiz questions for examples of the types of questions that could be asked Make sure you have read and understand the concepts in each chapter Look over the objectives at the beginning of each chapter and the questions at the end Note all important vocabulary and their definitions Look over class notes especially class discussions What were the main communication principles that went along with these examples Remember think about about the examples we watched looked at in class What things did we talk about that went beyond what the book covers How did they relate to communication There is an even mix of material from all the chapters Most of the test is multiple choice so get a good idea of what something is definitely not in addition to knowing what it is We will have a review session the period before the class Slides and material from that review session will be posted online TERMS TO KNOW INTRODUCTARY INFO CHAPTER 1 Models of Communication Characteristics of Communication can be accidental expressive or rhetorical dynamic the process is constantly changing continuous it never stops irreversible once we send a message we cannot undo it interactive constantly in contact with others contextual we develop the awareness and the skills to function effectively as a communicator You don t talk to your mom the same way you talk to your friends Encode take ideas and put them into message form Encode primary signal system decode Decode translate the received messages Feedback indicates whether the receiver understands misunderstands Encourages the source to continue or disagrees Noise any internal or external interference in the communication process COMM 107 2 Environmental outside interference that prevents the receiver from ganing the Physiological a physical problem can block the effective sending or receiving of message a message Ex deaf or blind Semantic problems may arise regarding the meaning of words Syntactical inappropriate grammatical usage interferes Organizational when the source fails to realize that certain ideas are best grasped when presented in a structured order ex teacher presents ideas in a random fashion Cultural preconceived unyielding attitudes from a group society Psychological stress frustration or irritation causes you to receive messages ineffectively VERBAL Significant Other Theory the principle that our understanding of self is built by those who react to and comment on our language actions ideas beliefs and mannerisms Language Explosion Theory proposes that we build comm skills from the core of language we develop early in life Social Construction of Reality Theory we base our reality on the things we see everyday or experience None of the above Denotative meaning direct explicit meanings ex dog Connotative meaning implied or suggested meaning ex dog is cute pos or dog is smelly bad Slang denotes words that are related to a specific activity or incident and are immediately understood by members of a particular group Inarticulates uttered sounds words or phrases that have no meaning or do not help the listener gain a clear understanding of the message such as the phrase stuff like that Doublespeak miscommunication due to vagueness that is deceptive evasive or confusing makes little sense Distorted language intentional or unintentional miscommunication of the sender or receiver Caused by ambiguity vagueness inferences or message adjustment Innate neurological programs automatic nonverbal reactions to stimuli with which we are born These nonverbal automatic reactions are reflexive bc of neurological drives Emotive employs emotional connotative words to express the feelings attitudes and emotions of the speaker Ex that film was riveting and gripping Phatic only function is to perform a social task as opposed to conveying information ex how are you Cognitive convey information Usually denotative Rhetorical influence thoughts and behaviors using connotative terms to be persuasive NONVERBAL Kinesics communication through the body and its movements Gustorics the study of how taste communicates Gestics the movements of the body such as gestures Haptics the use of touch as communication Ocalics the study of the eyes COMM 107 3 Facsics how the face communicates Olfactics study of smell Paravocalics tone of voice vocal effects that accompany words Artifactics things that adorn the body and send messages to others about us as well as say something about us and our selection of these items Ex clothing jewelry Complementing simultaneously saying and doing something ex no shaking head Conflicting when actions conflict with verbal messages Substituting someone asks you a question and you respond with a nod instead of a verbal response Accenting the nonverbal message stresses the verbal one Halo Devil Effect pg 72 halo you think somebody is good bc they are attractive positive evaluation Devil you think somebody is bad bc they are not attractive negative evaluation LISTENING Discriminative attempting to distinguish auditory and visual stimuli Comprehensive to recognize and retain the info in a message Appreciative takes place when a person engages in enjoyment of or sensory stimulation to a message such as listening to humorous speakers comedians or music videos Therapeutic requires a listener to learn when to ask questions when to stimulate further discussion and when if ever to give advice Reception initial step in the listening process auditory and visual message Attention once received it focuses on a specific stimulus selected from all the stimuli received at any given moment In this stage the other stimuli recede so that we can concentrate on a specific word or visual symbol Different types of Listening Discriminative comprehension appreciative therapeutic and critical centers on the listener s comprehending and evaluating the message that has been received Difference between hearing and listening Hearing is biological listening means having motivation and reception attention process INTRAPERSONAL True self Public self the one you let others know Real self what you think of yourself when you are being most honest about your interests thoughts emotions and needs Ideal self who you would like to be or think you should be perfect you Self talk
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