CHAPTER 1 COMM 107 Human Communication Process Evaluating that kid Christian with different photos behind him We judge people based on clothes facial expressions basic stereotypes what they say Communication verbal or nonverbal conscious or unconscious intentional or unintentional The people the message and the channel Process in which feelings and ideas are expressed as verbal nonverbal messages that are sent received and comprehended CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNICATION Dynamic constantly changing like our opinion of Christian during that first exercise Continuous you can t just stop communicating Irreversible once it s out there it s out there Interactive requires two parties or with yourself you re both giving and interpreting a message Contextual how we view someone is all based on context Requires encoding and decoding in Twitter advertisement the marketing people encoded their message in a certain way and we the viewers are left to decode it however we want The message is carried through a channel then feedback is given from receiver to source COOMMUNICATION PROCESS Perceptual filter based on individuals personal preferences and beliefs Encoding Channel Decoding Feedback The effect of noise Environmental Physiological impairment Semantic miscommunication with someone maybe from another country Who interpret words differently How people refer to soda pop coke differs all around Syntactical wrong grammar Organizational the order of how what you say Cultural result of your preconceived biases of cultures Psychological having a fight with a friend will influence your communication for the next short while LINEAR MODEL ONE WAY COMMUNICATION LIKE A BILLBOARD Source encodes message noise Message carried through channel noise Receiver decodes message noise INTERACTIONAL MODEL Source encodes noise Adaptation Receiver decodes Feedback Source encodes Same concept as linear but this time there is adaptation and feedback If a question is answered in a way that the asker doesn t like he can re ask it until he receives an answer he s happy with TRANSACTIONAL MODEL All the encoding and decoding goes on at the same time like a Venn diagram with the message in the middle of the encoder and decoder of both communicator A and B COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE We re all part of many cultures age nationality gender religion Intacultural communication Intercultural communication Multicultures Ethnocentrism The belief that one s culture is primary to all explanations of reality What we see as normal Natural to an extent Cultural relativism We think that our culture is just natural and the way that everything is and should be CHAPTER 2 Principles and Practices Foundations of Verbal Language Words were assigned to objects arbitrarily when our language was created Language system of human communication based on speech sounds used as arbitrary symbols Origins Gestural theory our ancestors based the words they assigned on gestures Selecting symbols based on experience Facial expressions and gestures Processing symbols Cybernetic process Learning symbols Theories of language acquisition Social construction of reality how you see the world is based on language You use Eskimo people have like 20 different words to describe snow THE CONCEPT OF MEANING Language isn t inherently meaningful Denotative meaning the definition Connotative meaning how its used in context FUNCTIONS OF LANGUAGE Emotive language I m happy because the Super Bowl is coming up Phatic language Use language to establish relationships How are you Cognitive language Use language to convey information Giving a lecture Rhetorical language Influencing others with your language Identifying language Distinguishing different things with words LANGUAGE DISTORTION Ambiguity words have more than one meaning Vagueness euphemisms Inferences people jumping to many different conclusions Linguistic determinism language you speak shapes the world you see Dialects variation of language Standard dialect New Jersey Nonstandard dialect Everyone else Slang and inarticulates CHAPTER 3 Nonverbal Communications Messages that people exchange beyond just words Three characteristics Sensitive to relationship between sender and receiver pat on back from Friend vs stranger Have meaning based on context Part of not separate from verbal communication SOURCES Neurological innate Cultural learned Emotional influences VERBAL AND NONVERBAL RELATIONSHIPS Substituting nodding instead of saying yes Complementing doing both Conflicting nodding and saying no Accenting when the nonverbal adds stress nodding vigorously CHANNELS OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION Kinesics study of communication through body body movements Facsics facial communications Ocalics eyes Gestics gestures Haptics sense of touch Body synchrony study of posture Artifactics what you wear to adorn body Physical characteristics Halo effect Attractive people are treated better Wellman video Devil effect Less attractive people associated with worse qualities Proxemics how close you stand the way people use space in communication Contact vs non contact culture In America it s contact hugs Other places it s not normal to people when you meet them Space distances Intimate distance contact within 18 inches Personal distance 18 inches to 4 feet normal conversation Social distance 4 feet to 12 feet Public distance over 12 feet Paravocalics vocal effects that accompany your voice volume tempo speed pitch Chronemics use of time long pauses being late to a meeting Olfactics smell not showering people thinking you don t care about your appearance Aesthetics how a message could be carried through color music art Gustorics taste CHAPTER 4 Listening LISTENING Most widely used communication skill It s active important for learning work and life Speaker message Listener reception attention assignment of meaning response feedback Speaker ATTENTION Attention span time person can focus Average attention span is 7 20 minutes Factors in concentration Motivation whether you care about topic and are interested Difficulty how tough the subject is to retain the information Processing speed how much info you can handle in a short period of time ASSIGNMENT OF MEANING Perceiving Analysis of input Perceptual filter Selective perception LISTENER S RESPONSE Functions Memory techniques LISTENING INFLUENCERS Speaker The message The channel External internal variables Memory and time Assigning the experiment of grasping our hands together and seeing which
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