COMM107 Test 2 Chapters 8 11 12 13 14 16 Chapter 8 The Interview Interview Format Opening Role of Interviewer to develop an interview agenda that outlines procedures to be followed o Used to make interviewee comfortable ease stress provide welcome establish goals and procedures Body involves asking questions o Direct questions explicit specific replies o Open questions less direct and more general o Closed questions provide alternatives and narrow possible responses o Bipolar questions require yes or no response o Leading questions encourage a specific answer o Loaded questions designed to elicit an emotional response o Yes response questions stated in a way that encourages agreement with o Mirror questions intended to get person to reflect on what they have said interviewer and expand on it o Probes elicit more detailed response Closing o Provide opportunity to ask questions summarize and discuss next steps Role of Interviewee To know purpose roles responsibilities expectations and information needed for the interview Suggestions for answering questions o If you do not understand ask for clarification o Restate the question in the answer o Answer one question at a time o Try to turn negative questions into positive answers Types of Interviews Employment interview find new jobs change positions get promotions achieve salary increases Information gathering interview obtain information from respondent Oral history interview used by families and organizations to preserve history and maintain archives with people and their stories Problem solving interview solve personal or work related dilemma Counseling interview provide guidance and support Persuasive interview change or reinforce beliefs or behaviors Appraisal interview help interviewee realize strengths and weaknesses of their Reprimanding interview analyze problems so corrections can be made Interrogation interview secure information through extensive use of probing techniques Media interview interviewer asks questions of a guest on a broadcast or recorded performance media program Chapter 11 12 Public Speaking Planning and Developing the Message Public Communication Transaction between speaker and an audience Characteristics of a Good Speaker Integrity o Honesty never lie o Believability how much does audience believe you o Credibility what kind of background credentials experience do you bring into the room before you say anything at all o Dependability how dependable are you as a speaker o Appearance o Eye contact Knowledge of subject and to deal with questions o Choose things you know about or like o Avoid presentations where you don t know enough of subject or aren t interested o When you don t have a choice research Self confidence o Confidence in yourself as a speaker in your material and in ability to get material across to audience single most important element of self confidence in terms of public speaking o 6 ways to demonstrate self confidence Maintain posture stance Do not distract audience Use natural gestures talk with hands makes things more interesting less static Make eye contact Show enthusiasm Show variety in voice Handling Nervousness o It is normal use as a sparkplug to fire you up o Turn it into energy use it to your advantage o When you forget something if it is a major point slowly work it back in without drawing too much attention if minor point then let it go they ll never know Skill o Public speaking is a skill anyone can learn it Types of Speakers Impromptu right off the top of your head o Unexpected unplanned and unprepared o Only acceptable at certain social occasions o Frequently fails in most professional situations organization and preparation Memorized Read Extemporaneous o Sounds boring and mechanical o Problems with making mistakes losing train of thought o No deviation from manuscript o Rarely encourages listening o Worst way to deliver speech gives you least amount of impact on audience o Key ideas in logical order o Skeleton of information fleshed out with your own personality 50 info trying to get across 50 way you deliver speech Where To Begin Select and narrow topic o Who is in the audience o Time time of day day of week time of year o Length given what is appropriate for situation o Knowledge yours and audience s o Occasion why are you there Determine purpose o General purpose to inform or persuade o Specific purpose inform audience about what or to persuade audience about what Analyze audience and occasion o Age background sex race religion occupation location economic conditions current events education general moral views type of company o Occasion social professional personal Gather materials Make outline o Refer to outside materials to back up statements o Helps you prepare plan and organize after doing research Practice aloud for everyone you can Chapter 13 14 16 Structuring and Presenting the Message Informative Speech Parts of Speech Introduction first 10 of speech o Serves two purposes Capture audience s attention as creatively as possible Point out why they need to know something about what you are going to discuss they must listen your job is to make them want to listen Body middle 80 information part of speech o Initial summary preview of main points to be covered Helps listeners understand and retain helps them discover and follow a pattern of development roadmap keep brief and simple o Definition of terms explain all unfamiliar terms or those used in a special sense Not used commonly or term that has multiple meanings If term refers to entire body of speech give us definition at beginning after initial summary If only concerned with certain part give us definition at relevant time o Detailed information follow initial summary and organize main points in a consistent and logical manner Smoothly going from point to point for every point discuss point support elaborate and amplify with visuals o Final summary o Convey a sense of finality audience should know its over not just because you stopped talking go out with a bang something to remember you and your speech by Conclusion Using Visual Aids Write presentation first then develop visuals Be certain visual aid is large enough and clear enough Keep it simple use keywords and phrases Control your environment check facilities and set up materials before the talk o Set up everything in advance double check and use assistant when Use pointer only to indicate specific item on large screen do not turn back to necessary audience
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