The Human Communication Process 02 01 2011 Communication is a conscious intentional or unintentional process Levels of communication Intrapersonal Within yourself Interpersonal 2 or more people are involved in interaction Public Speak to a group of people Difficult to get audience feedback Communication is Dynamic Continuous Irreversible Interactive Contextual Way message is sent and received depends on exactly where you are Communicator s perception Your culture Different slang and particular use of articulations Communication skills State of mind impacts message at Culture shapes language particular moment in time Experiences Teaches you how to modify the way you communicate in certain contexts Attitudes Message is shaped according to the beliefs you have Memory Gives you some cues to formulate more effective message Expectations What the audience expects from you Must be mindful to audience and frame point of view to better interact with audience Communication Setting Source Receiver Message is decoded by receiver and sends feedback back to the sender The communications process is made effective and noise is avoided with the communicators mutual understanding of the signals being used Linear Model One directional communication Receiver s feedback not taken into account Normally public speaking Interactional Model More dynamic than linear model Two directional Involves encoding and decoding of both message and feedback by the communicators Transactional Model More complex multidirectional Senders and receiver play interchangeable roles Encoding and decoding messages not mutually exclusive Noises Environmental Loud music in the background loud public setting Physiological impairment Blind deaf Take more time to Semantic Chose of particular words May have multiple meanings understand message in different places Syntactical Sentence structure Organizational Way you format thoughts and express them Cultural Cultural differences Psychological State of mind If you are not in a good state of mind you will not effectively communicate and receive Foundations of Verbal Language 02 01 2011 Language is a system of arbitrary signals sounds gestures or symbols used by a distinct group to communicate thoughts and feelings Words do not inherently have meaning We imply meaning depending upon our environment Language is always evolving Internet World Wide Web Google SMS MMS Cybernetic Process Input Storage Stimulus Search Recall Output Learning Symbols Language Explosion Theory More you socialize with others broader knowledge of words and gestures People build communication skills from the core of language Significant Other Theory Individuals have no identity except in relation to others Modify yourself in respect to others and how they will respond Language and Meaning Language is based on verbal and non verbal symbols Words are not inherently meaningful Different places instill different meaning into words and gestures Language follows grammar Have to know how to arrange it Denotative Direct explicit meanings Helps in classifying things Eg Cow buffalo Connotative Implied or suggested meaning Eg Sad depressed Functions of Language Emotive language Connotative Express emotions beliefs or Phatic language First thing you say when you interact with someone else Yo bro What s good Cognitive language To convey information Denotative in Rhetorical language Connotative Persuade a group of people attitudes nature Emotional Identifying language Identify certain subjects Include who you are talking about and why Language Distortion Ambiguity When a word has more than one interpretation Vagueness Lack of clarity because of semantic or structural distortion o Double speak beat around the bush Intentionally use vagueness to avoid something Inferences Jumping to conclusions beyond available information The Language we use Slang Words that are related to a specific activity or incident and are immediately understood by a group of people Has to be validated understood by a group of people culture Inarticulates Uttered sounds words or phrases with no meaning Dialect Related to particular region in which one belongs Language What other people understand Verbal and Non verbal Non Verbal Communication 02 01 2011 Three Key Characteristics Sensitive to the relationship between the sender and receiver Have meaning based on context Part of not separate from verbal communication Sources Neurological reflexive innate Born with them Cultural reflective social influences that surround you Emotional Facial expression unhappy sad The verbal non verbal relationship Substituting Nodding you head instead of saying yes Complementing Nodding your head and saying yes Conflicting Say something verbally and non verbal reaction is completely different Nodding your head but saying no Accenting Use non verbal to emphasize verbal Head nodding vigorously while saying yes Channels of non verbals Kinesics Study of communication through body movements and gestures Proxemics How you use space between 2 or more people Paravocalics The loudness pitch volume of your voice Go along with what you say Chronemics Use of time Olfactics The use smell Aesthetics The use of color music Beauty Gustorics Taste Kinesics walk Fasics Study of how the face communicates Ocalics Study of eye movements and how they communicate Gestics The movement of the body Stance posture way you Haptics Communication through touch Body Synchrony How we walk and what a walk tells about our personality Artifactics Physical Characteristics Proxemics Contact vs Non contact cultures Space Distances Personal distance 18in 4ft Public 12ft Small group Ecology How things are placed within a group meeting affects interactions Paravocalics Pitch of your voice and rate at which you speak Needs to be a certain volume in which you maintain Chronemics Circular vs Linear time Technical time formal time informal time Varies from culture to culture Listening 02 01 2011 How is listening different from hearing Listening Not only hearing but also comprehending and analyzing what is said Then provide feedback Hearing Act of hearing sounds Speaker message reception attention perception assignment of meaning listener s response Feedback to the speaker Listening involves Reception First step towards listening Hear what is being said Only retain 25 of what is said Attention Focusing on a particular stimuli then build off of that Motivation to concentrate Control for distractions Role of
View Full Document
Unlocking...