What is Public Relations Definitions Why we have trouble defining public relations In its formal sense public relations is only about 100 years old and is still defining itself Sometimes when we say public relations we really mean one of its functional parts Communication between management and the public middle man Functional Parts of Public Relations Press Agentry somebodies job to get their client in the press major users are sports figures politicians P T Barnum Publicity information hopes that the media will share for free Institutional Advertising selling a class of products EX Got Milk Campaign The Campaign not telling you to buy a specific brand Public Affairs do a lot of community relations Issues Management started in late 70 s They look in future to predict what will happen to manage what it might cause Lobbying to pass or defeat legislation Investor Relations big job is to take complicated investing turn into plain English so people can understand Government requires it so people can understand Development Fundraising is another word for it Spend your time asking people for money Quantifying Public Relations X Y Z X what an organization or individual does Y how public interprets it Z the public opinion that is formed most important is Y perception is reality Trends Affecting PR Growth of big institutions growth of big institutions came with a lot of problems b c they treated workers horrible 60 65 of all jobs are related to some sort of communication today Heightened public awareness and media sophistication cable smartphones internet Increasing incidence of societal change conflict and confrontation Globalization and the growing power of global media public opinion capitalism Dominance of the Internet and growth of social media internet is running everything Ancient Examples of PR Agricultural parchment on crops oldest known document was found in a bottle between Euphrates Tigris Rivers told you how to build more crops Greek Sophists on political candidates and issues early lobbyists Greek sophists were people who spoke in public places about politics government issues tried to persuade people to vote Julius Caesar s Commentaries on the Gallic Wars Magna Carta 1215 forced him into signing document Catholic College of Propaganda group of priest who trained people to go out and talk about the Holy Roman church and persuaded people to join Revolutionary War Era give your story first and then the others react No taxation without representation Slogans to foster participation Symbols First to press Staged public relations events Boston Tea Party Organizations for action Publications Thomas Paine Common Sense Fundraising Post Revolution constitution Creation of Events History s Finest Public Relations Job The Federalist Papers A selling job to convince people to vote for new When Andrew Jackson hired Amos Kendall to be press secretary He hired him to do a bunch of special events to help him look better Press Agentry Modern Political Campaigning Williams Jennings went out and started campaigning First Corporate Public Relations Department founded by George Westinghouse Early 1990s The Muckrakers events happened that caused PR to really happen journalist who write about the bad things that were going on in big businesses First Public Relations Firm the Publicity Bureau founded in Boston and specialized in general press agentry Public Relations Journal founded Rex Harlow AT T Theodore Vail President of AT T We have responsibility to our customers Early 1990s journalist Ivy Lee Rockefeller hired Lee to be his spokesperson Lee turned the perception of the peoples thoughts about Rockefeller after the strikes 1906 Pennsylvania Railroad Strike 1914 Colorado Fuel and Iron Strike Declaration of Principles First to use hand outs Fact sheets Father of modern public relations World War I President Wilson realized that he had to sell the Americans George Creel Committee on Public Information o Headed by George Creel his job was to create news releases Four minute men o people who lived in towns who received these telegrams would tell the American public the news The 1920 s Arthur Page AT T Corporate Vice President of PR Arthur Page in society was very prestigious Alice Beeman first women to head an association CASE council for the advancement in support in education no women had done this before 1920s Edward L Barnays Sigmund Freud s nephew wrote the first textbook Crystallizing Public Opinion taught the first public relations course NYU coined the term public relations counsel o if you were going to use that term then you had to have a license o Accrediadation is the closest thing to lisencing APR Married to his partner Doris Fleischman PR counsel but always lived in his shadows Roosevelt Era Gallup and Roper polls founded job was to do public opinion research Joseph V Baker Leone Baxter first women to head a public relations firm first minority firm African American Elmer Davis Office of War Information job was to simulate the information about all the positive success we were having in the war and raise money with war bonds FPRA founded in 1938 founded in Florida Use of paid advertising for public relations in the war effort Post World War II Era PRSA founded 1947 largest PR association Virgil Rankin first PRSA president Growth in public relations education USIA founded America s public relations arm the business to promote democracy around the world thru radio Does not exist anymore because of Bill Clinton brought us in the age of information The Information Age Sputnik 1957 John Naisbitt Megatrends data double every 20 months Semi conductor chips fiber optics The Internet and World Wide Web less than 2 years we have twice as much information than 2 years ago Attitudes attitude a pre disposition to respond to a given issue in a given way attitudes are things that you have learned hereditary or environmental hereditary factors might play a bigger role found in recent research change attitudes and then change behaviors Forming attitudes Changing attitudes Theories for Public Relations Bem s Self Perception theory we infer our attitudes based on external ques EX the clock during a test EX 3 frat guys and the scotch Heider s Balance Theory developed by psychology professor has origins in biology he said that your brain had to stay balanced Festinger s Cognitive Dissonance theory Selective exposure o We only seek out info that supports what we believe anyway o EX Only watch CNN never
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