01/09/13What is public relations? Why we have trouble defining prIn a formal sense, public relations is about 100 years old and is still defining itselfSometimes when we say public relations we really mean one of its functional partsParts of public relations...Press agent’s job – get the public figures out in front of the pressPublicity – publicistGet out info regarding the Who what when where whyInstitutional advertising – trying to separate people from their money... Like the got milk commercialsPublic affairs – just another name for PR for governmental/ military affairIssues management- looks out towards to future to see what things are getting ready to happen, and then plans to deal with it before it happensLobbying – get legislation passed defend or defeat legislationInvestor relations- translates profit loss and balance sheets into English for publicly traded companiesQuantifying public relationsWhat the organization does + how perceived = affectIn PR perception is reality 1/11/135 Trends affecting PR Growth of big institutions Heightened public awareness and media sophistication Increasing incidences of societal change conflict and confrontation Globalization and growing power if global media, public opinion, and capitalismDominance if the Internet and growth of social mediaThe Three AgesAge if agriculture Age of manufacturingAge of information Pr firms letting social media drive them may be making a strategic errorPR is still relatively new – but you can go back in history and find example of it1/14/13Ancient examples of PRAgriculture information regarding on tabletsGreek sophists on political candidates and issues (early lobbyists)Julius Caesars commentaries on the Gallic wars - war propagandaMagna carta - what nobles forced king John to sign Catholic college of propaganda – speakers bureau, helped recruit members to the churchRevolutionary war Slogans to foster participation No taxation w/o representation Symbols – Flag, First to press – get our side of the story out first, so people have to respond to them - Boston massacre Staged public relations events - Boston tea party Organizations for action - sons of liberty, NRA Publications - common sense, the federalist papers Fundraising Post revolution"History's greatest pr job" – the Federalist PapersCreation of eventsLike the Boston Tea Party for PR purposesPress agency Modern political campaigningStarted with election of William McKinley against William Jennings Bryan Andrew Jackson hired Amis Kindle to be his press secretary PT BarnumHired press agents to spread his messageWilliam Jennings Bryan vs William McKinley - first modern presidential election Westinghouse Electric Corporation had the first corporate pr department Early 1900s The muckrakers - got the dirt on corporations as journalistsFirst pr firm- the Publicity BureauAT&T - Theodore Vail - Said it's the job of AT&T to serve the publicIvy Lee –Is the father of prWas hired by Rockefeller to deal with the PR nightmares which wereThe 1906 railroad strike The 1914 Colorado fuel and iron strike Declaration of principles - big shift on businessRefers to a statement released by modern public relations pioneer Ivy Ledbetter Lee in 1906 that is seen as laying important groundwork for the public relations profession in the decades to follow. "This is not a secret press bureau. All our work is done in the open. We aim to supply news. This is not an advertising agency. If you think any of our matter ought properly to go to your business office, do not use it. Our matter is accurate. Further details on any subject treated will be supplied promptly, and any editor will be assisted most carefully in verifying directly any statement of fact. ... In brief, our plan is frankly, and openly, on behalf of business concerns and public institutions, to supply the press and public of the United States prompt and accurate information concerning subjects which it is of value and interest to the public to know about."First to use handoutsLike information packets WWIGeorge CreelCommittee on public information Government agency that worked to gin up support for the warThe Four minute menThe Four Minute Men were a group of volunteers authorized by the President Woodrow Wilson, to give four-minute speeches about the war1920sArthur Page hired by AT&T to implement Theodore vails goalsAlice Beema: First woman to head an association CASECouncil for the advancement and support of educationEdward L Bernays Wrote the first textbook of PR: crystallizing public opinion Taught the first course in PR Coined the term public relations counsel if you are a pr counsel then you should have a license Married Doris FleischmanRoosevelt eraGallop and roper polls foundedJoseph V. Baker: first minority firmLeone Baxter: first woman to head a pr firmElmer Davis: office of war information FPRA: founded in 1938Florida Public Relations AssociationUse of paid advertising for public relations in the war effortWWII eraPRSA founded 1947Public Relations Society of AmericaVirgil Rankin first PRSA presidentGrowth of public relations educationUSIA founded United States information associationThe Information AgeSputnik 1957John Naisbitt: mega trends - data double every 2 monthsThere may not be a license to practice PR, but there is a national accreditation 01/23/13AttitudesForming attitudes Parents, environment, peers, media, jobs, socio-economic status, education, experience, hereditary is where we get our attitudes Changing attitudes 01/25/13Theories for public relationsBems self perception theory"Individuals come to know their own attitudes, emotions and internal states by inferring them from observations of their own behavior and circumstances in which they occur. When internal cues are weak, ambiguous, or uninterruptable, the individual is in the same position as the outside observer".Heiders balance theory Two people’s attitude must match eachother or they will not deal with each other… example is a Democrat and a RepublicanA democrat and a republican will butt heads on an issue until one of them switches and changes their mind.To explain why this doesn’t happen in practice, the issue may not come up, and the people in question discuss different things Festingers cognitive dissonance theoryCognitive dissonance is a relatively straightforward social psychology theory that has enjoyed wide acceptance in a variety of disciplines including
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