Quiz 5 Study Guide 1. During what century BCE did a social and economic crisis sweep the Mediterranean basin, decimating urban culture in many lands? 11th and 12th 2. By what historical name do we know the southern mainland of modern Greece with its associated islands? Mycenae pelopennesus3. This sea is a northern offshoot of the Mediterranean ocean; it lies between modern Greece and Turkey and gave its name to the second major early cultural contribution of western civilization. Aegean Sea4. Predating the Greeks, what group inhabited the southern mainland of Greece with its associated islands, bringing into existence an apparently aggressive and warlike but nevertheless settled, urban culture? Menoens5. Caught up in the broad social and economic disaster that swept the Mediterranean basin during the twelfth century BCE, what seems to have happened to the civilization of this people? Burned or abandoned6. What may have contributed to the decline of the Mycenaean city-states between 1199 and 1100 BCE? The Dark Ages7. If this is true, as seems possible, where might one find indirect evidence in support of the suggestion? The odyssey or the Iliad 8. What kind of poem is this work? Epic; Cosmogony creative story- war poem, story of destruction9. By what designation do we refer to the Iliad and the Odyssey? Homeric Epics Traditions10. To what genre or literary and artistic form do these works generally belong? Epics 11. As a rule, what kind of story lies in the background of the epic form? A hero and his quest12. What role did the Iliad and the Odyssey play in the formation of early Classical Greek culture and civilization? Allowed the civilians to know when the army won to sing the tale13. How were the works of the great Homeric Tradition in all likelihood composed? Wandering court Bards14. For what purpose were they then performed? Allowed the civilians to know when the army won to sing the tale To pass down to generations to teach them not to live like previous generation15. True ancient Greek culture and civilization first came into existence around 800 BCE, between 300 and 500 years after the collapse of Mycenaean civilization. By what designation do we know these intervening centuries in which urban culture and most of the refinements of civilization vanished from the Peloponnesus? The Dark ages 16. To the Greeks who viewed it as the beginning of human time, what was the story of the Trojan War? Mycenaen life during the 12th century Mythological echo of disaster days17. How are we to understand the relationship between the Trojan War and the story of the Iliad? Lend insight to the psychology of the people in the dark ages It is not the complete story of the Trojan war— part to a whole18. The Iliad is not the story of the Trojan War. Of what, then, is it the story? Set against the background of the Trojan war begins in the tenth year Achilles and his anger19. With whom does Achilles bitterly argue at the beginning of the Iliad? Agamemnon20. Over whom do they argue? Trojans and the invading groups Daughter of Apollo, the priest -- Helen21. What two universal human social or political principles do the characters of Achilles and Agamemnon seem to represent in the Iliad? Achilles: Merit (good at everything he does) Agamemnon: Power22. Scene 15 from the movie, Troy--a scene entitled, "the Spoils of War"--would seem to be based on part of the Iliad. What part? Book 1 of the Iliad23. The makers of this film seem to have modeled certain traits of their characters on the characters with the same names in the Iliad. In Troy, as in the Iliad, what kind of king does Agamemnon seem to be? Selfish- powerful- violent- spiteful24. Based on this scene, what kind of person does Achilles seem to be? Good- selfless- genuine25. From the film, "the Singer of Tales," we learn that little of any certainty is known of Homer. Apparently, however, the name itself means something. What? “The hostage”26. What have modern archaeology and historical science revealed about the mythic Trojan War? Proof that the site was real but maybe not the story 27. Evidence from the Iliad suggests that Homer knew physical features of Troy he could not have seen. He lived centuries later, and much of the site, had he visited, would have been buried. How, then, was this information passed down to Homer's day? Oral performance passed down through generations28. Michael Wood introduces us to an illiterate bard of the 20th century. This man told his tales, finally, to a tape recorder, since no one wished to carry on his work. Where did the modern bard, John Henry, live? Ireland 29. Wood illustrates the bard's art a second time at an actual public performance. Where else in the modern world does the ancient bardic oral tradition seemingly still live on? Turkey 30. Wood cites one section of the Iliad as evidence for the historical reality of the Trojan War. He then goes in search of cities and settlements named in this famous, though peculiar, section. What is it called? Kogles, kroglue31. "To the Greek and Roman, for whom human history began with the fall of Troy, a previous span of four thousand years would scarcely have been comprehensible," writes Havelock. What kind of time do we now know that makes even millennia seem insignificant? 32. What, according to Havelock, has exposed Western humanity, "naked like worms," to its own cosmic insignificance? Find about the universe33. "Who dare say that justice is any more eternal in the heavens" or that we "any more keep(s) company with angels?" asks Havelock. What kind of questions does he call these? New and terrible questions34. According to Havelock, what did men and women of ancient times, such as those long ago in Egypt, seem like compared to our 20th and 21st-century intelligence? Decure unthinking children 35. The new burden we bear, according to Havelock, is that "our relationship to time and space… crushes us by its reduction of our stature." To what does he compare the territory "on which we have a foothold," presumably the earth? A boulder on a mountainside36. Havelock mentions a myth in the book of Genesis which expresses the "conflict within the civilized consciousness of man between his sense of intellectual power and his distrust and fear" of that power. What is that myth? Man is forbidden to eat of the tree of knowledge, lest he discover himself and his own nakedness; once he does taste it