Quiz 7 Study Guide 1. According to E. A. Havelock, modern science has become different from its origin by adopting a new range of vision. Practically speaking, to what does this new range of vision extend? 2. What, according to Havelock, is the "mood" upon which this bold, new method relies or depends? 3. The willingness to contemplate previously unimaginable possibilities, what Havelock calls "the theoretic willingness to think about anything," has changed fundamentally the frame of reference of particular human sciences. Which ones? 4. What is it, according to Havelock, that we cannot do with the enormous ranges of time represented by the new concepts of historical process? 5. The imagination of modern science sweeps ever vaster expanses of space and time. What in the present day and age, according to Havelock, exhibits shocking shortness of vision and contracting or seemingly shrinking intelligence? 6. Based on an enormous miscalculation of practical advantage, what does Havelock call World War I (1914-1918)? 7. "Prepared to sacrifice the flower of an educated population rather than bargain over a frontier or, at least, postpone the issue through armistice, " the nations engaged in this war committed what, according to Havelock? 8. "The war, as fought to a finish, clearly represented a vast abdication of the practical intelligence," writes Havelock. What, in this specific regard, is hard to find earlier in the history of warfare? 9. All this happened, writes Havelock, "when the powers of the theoretic intelligence were reaching their peak." What does he call this circumstance? 10. The Treaty of Versailles, according to Havelock, was a remarkably inept document. It was noteworthy only for its striking inability to achieve something. What? 11. Failures such as these, according to Havelock, reveal that "the mental mechanisms on which the victors relied" were far too limited. What did they seemingly ignore? 12. In modern cases such as this, what was dismissed "as though it were problematic and incalculable?" 13. Of Great Britain after the First World War (WWI), Havelock writes, "every scientific lesson of economic or military efficiency learned in one desperate struggle was laid aside until past the eleventh hour." To what did this second, vast political miscalculation lead? 14. Who else, as it turns out, proved vulnerable to the peculiar, modern version of the disease of fore-shortened vision? 15. What illustrates that the United states, in its turn, was "caught in the same paradox of western behavior?" 16. What long-range price did the US and the rest of the world pay for the short-term advantage of ending the Second World War a few months earlier? 17. What, according to Havelock, was missing in this "emotional gamble?" 18. What is it, according to Havelock, that science can achieve, in addition to immediate application of scientific knowledge? 19. In cases such as these, the present, according to Havelock, "is treated as a closed, independent system on its own." What, then, gets left out of the equation? 20. Which of the following is a politician whom Havelock credits with courageous, long-term vision? 21. Where are even thoughtful people often liable to place the blame for the seeming loss of individual initiative and emotional power in modern life? 22. Technology, itself, is not responsible for the modern lack of political foresight, according to Havelock. It is, at most, neutral on this subject. What, however, has contributed to the problem? 23. Sensible, intelligent, and profitable actions, according to the ancient Greeks, were always detached and logical. What else were they?2 24. Whom, according to Havelock, did the ancient Greeks strongly influence in terms of calculation and practical foresight as matters of public administration and statecraft? 25. What two modern peoples, according to Havelock, carried out political revolutions with spiritual confidence and foresighted statecraft under the influence of the ancient Greek conviction of the unity of "the sciences of matter and of men?" 26. What two powers of intellectual man are united in the character of Prometheus, in Prometheus Bound according to Havelock? 27. The character of Prometheus is a prophet but not a mystic. "He does not claim to speak (in) tongues; he expounds and explains." Of what kinds, therefore, are his gifts to humanity, according to Havelock? 28. Prometheus "stands against his rock, the exemplar, in one sense, of modern man's achievement… but he is also the symbol of his failure." From the consequences of what can neither Prometheus nor a scientific civilization seem to find escape? 29. United with practical pre-vision, what kind of science might enable humanity to envision and possibly even realize its own future freedom, according to Havelock? 30. "Why then is Prometheus chained?" asks Havelock. Who else does he think "chained and helpless" by the consequences of a certain kind of knowledge? 31. The viewer of the Prometheus Bound feels no temptation, according to Havelock, to see Prometheus as having been punished by a "just god." Prometheus may be a victim, but what is he not? 32. Contrasted with the pious resignation, even submission of the chorus before the gods, what does Prometheus' intellectual integrity and resolve seem to make him? 33. Havelock describes Prometheus as the "lover of man," someone who practices an altruism "which before Christ was not commonly recognized as an essential part of man's 'humanity.'" What, then, does this character trait make Prometheus? 34. "The choices we make or the directives we obey, however impersonal, have moral force," writes Havelock. Philanthropy is "geared not to those we know but to the alien and the stranger." What does this make philanthropy of Promethean stripe? 35. "If man cares to pre-think far enough, his forethought becomes increasingly moral and philanthropic in its direction," writes Havelock. To what, according to him, is this quality of prevision close kin? 36. "The scientific intelligence may do all it can to plan and provide, it may have all the resources necessary to do kindness to all mankind; but it suffers pain and dishonor and isolation," writes Havelock. Who or what causes this suffering? 37. Zeus-the symbol of pure power-never appears in the play. Instead, his deputies, "the Controller, the Executive, the Operator, and the Deputy," take the stage in his place. What, according to Havelock,