Chapter 9 Book NotesSustainability Considerations- Plaster and Gypsum Boardo Gypsum is an abundant mineral but is naturally occurring and is, therefore, nonrenewableo Most gypsum is acquired by surface mining, which disturbs the natural habitato Synthetic gypsum made from flue gas desulfurization of U.S. coal-fired power plants can help reduce depletion of naturally occurring gypsumo The paper used in gypsum board is mostly recycled materialo During demolition, most gypsum ends up in landfills, although some is recycled into new gypsum board products and some is used in agricultural applications to help make clayey soils looser- Acoustical Treatmento Most acoustical ceiling and wall treatment products are made from glass or mineral fiber with a painted surfaceo Some fiber products emit small amounts of formaldehyde, which is harmful to humans, but designers can specify one of the available fiber products that do not outgas formaldehydeo Most acoustical treatment products end up in landfills when demolition occurs- Resilient Flooring o The primary ingredient in resilient flooring products is polyvinyl chloride (PVC, vinyl)o The manufacture of vinyl produces large quantities of toxic air pollutantso Plasticizers and some of the other materials used in flooring products contain toxic materials that may outgas over timeo Burning vinyl emits dioxins and hydrochloric acido Adhesives used in installing resilient flooring may outgas toxic chemicalso Most resilient flooring products are not recycled upon demolition and end up in landfills- Fluid-Applied Flooring o Concern with fluid-applied flooring materials is the propensity of some of them toexude VOCs Avoiding this problem is usually a matter of selecting products that do not contain VOCso Some fluid-applied flooring products contain other potentially harmful chemicals Most of these are present before and during the application but are not a hazard after the product cureso Many fluid-applied flooring products contain highly flammable resin components Applicators must maintain suitable precautions to prevent catastrophic fires from these materialso Cured fluid-applied floor products are generally nontoxic and safe- Carpetingo It is possible to reclaim much of the water used to produce carpet and reuse it in the carpet manufacturing and dyeing processo Carpet manufacturers have been working to conserve water by reclaiming water for reuse, returning wastewater to its source, and increasing the treatment of wastewater so that it returns to the environment cleanero Carpet manufacture introduces into the atmosphere pollutants from outgassing of solvent-based compounds used in the process, as well as large quantities of dust and smokeo The carpet manufacturing process results in large quantities of solid waste In the past, as much as 90% of this waste went into landfills Recent innovations in recycling have reduced this waste disposal to less than 10% of the waste producedo Waste from non-woven fabric is being used as raw material for geotextile fabricso Carpet waste can be recycled into carpet paddingo Carpet waste can also be used in the manufacture of fan housing and transmission parts for the automobile industry, fast-food trays, chair casters, flower pots, roll-out recycle containers, garbage bags, truck seat covers, parking lot bumpers, and marine lumber, etc. - Vinyl-Coated Fabric Wall Coveringo The manufacture of PVC (vinyl) produces large quantities of toxic air pollutantso Plasticizers and some of the other materials used in vinyl contain toxic materials that may outgas over timeo Burning vinyl emits dioxins and hydrochloric acid However, most vinyl-fabric wall coverings are Class A fire-rated and self-extinguishing- Paintingo Some paint and coating materials are toxic in the can, but most are relatively nontoxic when dry A notable exception is products containing lead Such products are prohibited from use in most jurisdictions in location where they may be accessible to children, but they are still used in concealed locationso Some paints and many pretreatment products are volatile, and others are highly toxic Acid and alkali cleaning agents can cause severe harm to those exposed to them o Some paints and many cleaning and pretreatment materials are highly flammable Caution must be exercised when using such materialso Some paints and associated products contain VOCs  Many jurisdictions now limit the allowable VOC content of such materials, and many more restrictions will apply in the future Selection of products that contain no VOCs is prudent, since resurfacing will require recoating such products with compatible materials, which maynot be available in the futureMasterFormat- Finishes CSI Division 09o 09 21 00 – Plaster and Gypsum Board Assemblieso 09 22 00 – Supports for Plaster and Gypsum Boardo 09 23 00 – Gypsum Plasteringo 09 24 00 – Cement Plasteringo 09 27 00 – Plaster Fabricationso 09 28 00 – Backing Boards and Underlaymento 09 29 00 – Gypsum Boardo 09 30 00 – Tilingo 09 51 00 – Acoustical Ceilingso 09 53 00 – Acoustical Ceiling Suspension Assemblieso 09 54 00 – Specialty Ceilingso 09 56 00 – Textured Ceilingso 09 57 00 – Special Function Ceilingso 09 58 00 – Integrated Ceiling Assemblieso 09 63 00 – Masonry Flooring o 09 64 00 – Wood Flooringo 09 65 00 – Resilient Flooring o 09 66 00 – Terrazzo Flooringo 09 67 00 – Fluid-Applied Flooringo 09 68 00 – Carpeting o 09 72 00 – Wall Coveringso 09 80 00 – Acoustical Treatmento 09 90 00 – Painting and Coating - Metals CSI Division 05o 05 41 00 – Structural Metal Stud Framingo 05 42 00 – Cold-Formed Metal Joist Framingo 05 44 00 – Cold-Formed Metal Trusseso 05 45 00 – Metal Support AssembliesCold-Formed Metal Framing (Chapter 5)- Introductiono Also called light-gauge metal framing and lightweight steel framing, is equivalentto wood structural framing for partitions, walls, floors, and roofso Cold-formed steel framing is so called because the components employed are coldformed from galvanized coil and sheet steel stick by brake forming and punchingo Provide a nonflammable dimensionally stable structural system for light loadso Although compatible with conventional stud or bearing wall construction, lightweight steel framing also introduces the possibility of longer spans and large-scale prefabrication o Easier to work with because they don’t warp like wood does, it is a lighter material,