Chapter 7: Thermal & Moisture ProtectionLecture 7.1 – Sustainability Considerations, MasterFormat Division 7- General Informationo Roofing, insulation, “building envelope”o Everything that has to do with protecting the building from water/thermal changeso Important because responsible for keeping occupants inside comfortableo Most problems with construction will have to do with moisture control, leak, or anything related to ito Certain consults that just specialize in building envelope - Spec Booko Division 7 – Thermal and Moisture Protection Board and Batt Insulation o References – ASTM standards that applyo Submittals  Approved by project manager Subcontractor will submit thiso EIFS (Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems) Stucco type finish- Sustainabilityo Positives Recycled content - Cellulose insulation – made from plants, old newspapers- Cellulose Insulation Manufactures Association (CIMA)- 38% of recycled newspaper- 17 trees of lumber- Look at video for numbers and facts- Most environmental friendly- Fireproof additive Reflective roof color- Light colored shingles- Metal roof  Capture rainwater- For LEED credits- Can irrigate water with it- Use it to flush toilet Green roofs- Chicago City Hall- Roof is like a garden/grass- Can get a lot of LEED pointso Negatives Asphaltic materials contain petroleum, emit fumes- Petroleum – nonrenewable resource Asbestos (old products) VOC’s (Volatile Organic Compound)- During installation it is bad to be around Fiberglass insulation (PPE)- Itchy and can be bad for allergies- Thermal & Moisture Sustainabilityo LEED for new construction and major renovations Location & Transportation Sustainable Sites Water Efficiency Energy & Atmosphere Material & Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Innovation  Regional PriorityLecture 7.2 – Moisture Control, Damp/Waterproofing- Moisture Controlo Biggest problems arise from  Condensation- Moisture problems occur ino Cold climates in heated buildingso Warm, humid climates and cooled buildings- Occurs when surface is colder than dew point of air- Definitiono Water droplets that collect as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it Freeze/thaw- Freeze-Thaw (Defrosting) Weathering, also called frost-shattering as it occurs in cold climates when temperatures are often around freezing point and where exposed rocks contain many cracks, water enters the cracks during the warmer day and freezes during the colder night- Exposes materials to weathering where the object gets worn or broken downo Adsorption – film of water molecules that gets thicker as humidity rises Problems that arise- Dimensional instabilityo When a material does NOT maintain its essential or original dimensions while being used for its intended purpose- Deteriorationo The process of becoming progressively worse- Condensation tolerance- Effect on heat flowo Permeance – a measure of water vapor flow through a materialo Permeability – measure of permeance of a 1 in. thickness of a materialv Vapor moves from high pressure to low pressure Measured in perms- 1 perm or less = vapor retarder (barrier)- Condensationo Problem spots above grade Glass- While windows and doors do not cause condensation, they may be one of the first places it shows up Poorly insulated walls, ceilings, floors Poorly ventilated crawl spaces- Duct work, plumbing work - Set a 6 mil plastic and putting sand/gravel on top of it to keep the moisture away- Keep ventilatedo How to control Good construction practices- Vapor retarder, weep holes, flashing, vents HVAC (humidity and temperature)o Technological Inspections Inc. Link Thermal Imaging- Thermographic or infrared imaging is used during the inspection tohelp identify areas of heat loss or gain, water infiltration through foundations, roof and wall leaks, plumbing leaks, and electrical overheatingo Thermomass Link The Ideal High Performance Insulated Wall System- Precast insulated concrete with moisture and thermal protection- Sandwich wall panel - Vapor Retarders & Air Barrierso Study this PowerPoint slide of the different typeso Difference between air barriers, vapor barriers, and water resistive barriers Air barriers - Materials designed and constructed to control airflow between a conditioned space and an unconditioned space- Controls moisture that is in air, spread of fire, indoor air quality, and thermal energy use Vapor barriers- Materials used to slow or reduce the movement of water vapor through a material (water vapor is also transported by air leakage but this can be resolved by installing an air barrier)- Installed on the warm side of the insulation in a building assemblyo In warm climates, it will be on the exterior of the buildingo In cold climates, it will be on the interior of the building Water resistive barriers- Materials on the exterior of a building which are intended to resist liquid (bulk) water that has leaked, penetrated or seeped past the exterior cladding from absorbing into the exterior sheathing or concrete wall and further into the wall assemblyo Foil-backed boards Aluminum does not let the moisture go througho Kraft-faced insulation Ideal for moisture control in exterior walls Just like batt insulation with a vapor barrier papero House-wrap Tyvek  Prevents the infiltration of air and water, but lets water vapor escape to prevent rot and mold inside wallso Certain types of paint Drylok paint  Waterproof paint for some conditions o Plastic sheeting Similar to house-wrap 6 mil sheeting Is on the warm side of the home - Inside the house in northern areas- Outside the house in southern humid areas like Floridao Felt paper Tar paper is made by impregnating paper of fiberglass mat with tar, producing a waterproof material useful for roof construction Tar paper is distinguished from roofing felt which is impregnated with asphalt instead of tar, but these 2 products are used the same way Often too vapor resistant for use in wall- Ventilationo Study this PowerPoint slide of the different typeso Ridge vent Provide a uniform cooling along the entire roof deck, installed from end toend on the roof with a low profileo Foundation vent Combat moisture and prevent rotting under a home in crawlspaceo Soffit vent On the underside of a roof by the wall Offers ventilation at the soffit, to provide air flow circulation