Scales - Global ecologyLandscape ecologyEcosystem ecologyCommunity ecology - ex: frogs living in water in junglePopulation ecology - ex: grasshoppers, or interactions among themOrganismal ecology - ex: interactions between organisms & environmentClimate + disturbances influence biomes - areas of life- Whittaker Biome Diagram- Distribution of water > surface water- latitudinal ^- largest marine biome is the world ocean, 71% of Earth’s surface!- show less latitudinal variations than terrestial biomesAquatic BiomesIntertidal zones = when tide is high, how far waves come into land & when low, how far outpH7 neutralpH6 -2pH5 more acidicQ: Do waters all weigh the same? No- heaviest water is on bottom- Stratification happens, like a parfait- ie. Zonation● wavelengths of light are absorbed by water● this affects how color is perceived● Carbon dioxide is one of greenhouse gases (GHG) that absorbs sunlight (after reflection) and warms the earth moreVertical Zonation● Benthic zone● Benthos = communities of organisms● Detritus = dead organic matter - source of food - aka “marine snow”**see powerpoint images**Profile of Ocean● Continental shelf● Shelf-slope break● Continental slope● Continental rise● Sediment (under)● Oceanic ridge● Trench● VolcanoesOcean water contains salt● some organisms take the nutrients (chloride, sodium, sulfate), and create minerals that can form coral reefs!Ocean’s layers reflected in temperatures● Surface zone○ warm, stirred by wind, that “mixes the parfait”○ consistent density● Pycnocline = below surface zone○ starts to stratify● Deep zone = below pycnocline○ dense, sluggish waterCurrentsQ: Why East coast feels colder than West Coast? A: Though West coast is colder, water is warmer through clockwise circulation from oceans on the Equator. Then, though East coast climate may warmer, clockwise circulation of Pacific Ocean brings in cold
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