EXAM 2 Textbook Review – Chapter 4 and 5Chapter 4Ø Social cognition: how we interpret, analyze, rmb and use info about the social worldØ Schemas – Representation, a way we classify info about smtØ Scripts – A specific version of schemas, basically a description of eventsØ Activating schemas can affect behavior- Priming: Exposure to stimuli/events increases accessibility of schemasØ Heuristics: Time saving mental shortcutso Can be biased and inaccurate- Representativeness- Availability- Anchoring and adjustmentØ Hindsight Bias: tendency to overestimate ability to have foreseen outcome- desire to make sense of things- “knew it all along” Ø Counterfactual thinking- Why we do it: o helps emotionally copeo helps prepare for the futureØ Thought suppression- Involves implicit and explicitly processes- Rebound effectØ Person perception: How we draw conclusions about other peopleo First impressionso Nonverbal behavior- Non-conscious mimicry: tendency to adopt nonverbal behavior of othersØ “Naïve scientist” trying to figure out why ppl do what they doInternal and external attributionsCorrespondent inference theory- Social desirability- Choice- Non-common effectsØ Kelley’s co-variation model- Consensus- Consistency- DistinctivenessHow these 3 correspond to being in charge of the behaviorØ Fundamental attribution error Actor-observer effectCHAPTER 5Ø Attitude = Positive or negative evaluation of an objectImplicit and explicit attitudes – dual attitudesØ Reference grps: Grps to which ppl orient themselves, using their standards to judgeselves/worldØ Automatic (smt we are not consciously aware of) processes shaping our attitudes: Mere-exposure effectChanges in body posture, head movement, facial expressionØ Conditioning shapes attitudes: shape the way we evaluate certain things- Classical conditioningo Learning thru association- Operant conditioningo Learning thru punishment or rewardØ Cognitive Dissonance: Feeling of discomfort when actions don’t match with our beliefsØ Self-perception theory: We often infer our internal states, such as our attitudes, byobserving our behaviorØ Theory of planned behavior: Behavior determined by 3 factorsAttitude toward a behavior Subjective norms  intention  behaviorPerceived behavioral control Ø ELM: persuasive msges can change attitudes in 2 ways: - High EL? central route processing- Low EL? peripheral route processingØ Source influences on persuasion:- Source credibility: sleeper effect- Attractiveness: physical appearance, likability, similarityØ Other aspects of a persuasive msg: - Rapid speech- Fear- Humor- Two-sided msgesHow those aspects tell you how smo is more likely to be persuaded by smtØ What happens when ppl resist persuasion?- Resisting strong arguments increase attitude