UGC 112 1st Edition Lecture 14 Outline of Current Lecture II Nations and Empires 2 a Major Questions III Ambiguous Legacies a Radical Ideas IV Types of Radicalism V Sepoy Rebellion a Repression or Reform Current Lecture Nations and Empires 2 Re creating Political entities from cultural affinities Consolidation of nation states the challenges that the rise of nationalism gave to the rise of multi national entities How large is the effective political community National identity changes over time it is fluid Some maps have shifting political boundaries A political boundary is not necessarily a political boundary Cross the Niagara River does the language change when you go to Canada Road signs Kiev up to Moscow People in Russia started to call Ukraine little Russia States of Africa population spreading across boundaries Canada has been a unified country since 1763 Scotland unified since 1703 thinking about splitting off from England referendum Major Questions These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute What forces fueled European radicalism Marxism put that in context of other ideologies Alternative Movements in India Fundamental stages in nationalism in India National identities in Europe o What are the tasks of leaders Try to change the boundaries to include all peoples or do they work within existing territory with accommodating people of all backgrounds Greeting of the day Suprabhatam Pronunciation SU pra BHHAA tam Malayan Ambiguous Legacies Left behind in Europe Karl Marx son of a rabbi born in a town in Germany born on the Rhine river Frontier island for the Romans F tst Prince von Metternich the exact opposite of Marx He was a prince of very high rank he was prime minister of Russia and pushed for the CONCERT OF EUROPE very important term to know Model village constructed by an idealist who wanted to house workers in sanitary lighted well built places Radical ideas Regicide killing of kings queens assassination of people at the top President McKinley Garfield etc Metric System o US adopted metric code in 1866 took 100 years for congress to pass bill vetoed by the president Utopians Robert Owen textile manufacturer o Idealism Reactionaries wanted to restore privileges to those how had lost them they wanted to reverse the French Revolution o France was invaded in 1793 Liberals 19th century many of them were economists Adam Smith MC question on test he was a famous economist wrote a book in 1776 regarded as most important document in early stages of capitalism Communist Manifesto o Louis XVI was guillotined national assembly voted that the king was to be killed that notion conceded by one vote even though he was a good king a reformer o Capitalism got its theoretical principles from Adam Smith o This was significant Concert of Europe other conservative leaders wanted to bring back the old version o way they did this was very clever don t want one country dominating all of Europe the best way to ensure this is to have shifting balances of power don t want to get tied into permanent alliances because ally might do something really stupid Example state of Georgia in 2008 waged war against Russia Italy didn t exist Germany didn t exist Took intricate ballet for leaders to carry this out Types of Radicalism o Nationalists Clearly motivated the American Revolution has had a fundamental effect between relations of China o Socialists and communists o Communisms believes in total state control in essence Commanding heights of the economy would be owned by the state o SOCIAL DEMOCRACY based on the concept that the state should provide through taxes sufficient public health for all free publication for all including at the university level benefits in terms of maternal and fraternal leave In this type there is competition between parties o Utopias look forward to an alternative set of futures Sometimes their ideas are adopted widely o Marxists o Assume we have two groups one small and one large group Large is in charge of personal labor small group would be owners of personal labor Slaves slave owners o Spoke in terms of a surplus theory of value what was contributed from the big group slave labor waged labor products on land in turn the small group could engage in luxurious way of living o Paying taxes to a corrupt government cant disentangle political and economic systems o Labor theory of value o Notion of DIALECTIC concept popularized in early German 19th century Hagel popularized it Pair of opposite ideas yin and yang for example cant have harmony without both Thesis on the one side then on the other side ANTITHESIS Do they live together naturally No they collide They are opposties In colliding they produce something brand new the synthesis combination Marx lineated a series of stages at the time of primitive agriculture when everything was basically equal Saw Iriquous as a model for an ideal community With dev of large scale agriculture extracted state arose Fertile crescent etc Serfdom or Slavery Living standards went down during the industrial revolution o Proletiat and Bourgeoisie in this struggle between these two there would be violent revolution and as a result communism would emerge Communist manifesto of 1848 one of the most famous political tracks ever written Marx was living on the prophets of the sweat shops Sepoy Rebellion 1857 Sepoy means soldier comes from a Hindi word British did not expect this outburst but there were good reasons for it even though it was unprecedented Some reasons for the Sepoy Rebellion o Power of Delhi sultanate was decaying o British were displacing the Moghuls discontent from religious leaders o Different cultures o Can tell just by the cuisine see cows wandering all over in India o British kept themselves in separate conclaves early 19th century significant numbers of spinsters unmarried English women were shipped off to India because they could not find a mate back home This displayed a big change in values o Anglo Indians became a third additional group in Indian society o TAXES went up This came about in part because of Corn Wallace a general from the British side he got promoted because he was defeated He engaged in the permanent settlement said we have people who are tax collectors opportunity for exploitation o The British wanted to develop railroad system took money to build them o Canals were big public works as well o Princely