UGC 112 1st Edition Lecture 14 Outline of Current Lecture II. Nations and Empires 2a. Major QuestionsIII. Ambiguous Legacies a. Radical IdeasIV.Types of RadicalismV. Sepoy Rebelliona. Repression or Reform?Current LectureNations and Empires, 2(Re)creating Political entities from cultural affinitiesConsolidation of nation states, the challenges that the rise of nationalism gave to the rise of multi-national entitiesHow large is the effective political community?National identity changes over time, it is fluid. Some maps have shifting political boundariesA political boundary is not necessarily a political boundaryCross the Niagara River, does the language change when you go to Canada? Road signsKiev up to Moscow. People in Russia started to call Ukraine little RussiaStates of Africa…population spreading across boundaries. Canada has been a unified country since 1763. Scotland- unified since 1703, thinking about splitting off from England, referendumMajor QuestionsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- What forces fueled European radicalism?Marxism (put that in context of other ideologies)- Alternative Movements in IndiaFundamental stages in nationalism in India- National identities in Europeo What are the tasks of leaders? Try to change the boundaries to include all peoples or do they work within existing territory with accommodating people of all backgroundsGreeting of the day---SuprabhatamPronunciation SU-pra-BHHAA-tamMalayanAmbiguous Legacies(Left behind in Europe)Karl Marx: son of a rabbi born in a town in Germany, born on the Rhine river. Frontier island for the Romans Fütst (“Prince”) von Metternich: the exact opposite of Marx. He was a prince, of very high rank, he was prime minister of Russia and pushed for the CONCERT OF EUROPE (very important term to know)Model village: constructed by an idealist who wanted to house workers in sanitary, lighted, well built placesRadical ideas- Regicide (killing of kings/queens, assassination of people at the top).President McKinley, Garfield, etc.- Metric Systemo US adopted metric code in 1866, took 100 years for congress to pass bill, vetoed by the president - Utopians: Robert Owen, textile manufacturero Idealism… - Reactionaries: wanted to restore privileges to those how had lost them, they wanted to reverse the French Revolutiono France was invaded in 1793.- Liberals: 19th century, many of them were economists…Adam Smith (MC question on test) he was a famous economist, wrote a book in 1776, regarded as most important document in early stages of capitalism Communist Manifesto o Louis XVI was guillotined, national assembly voted that the king was to be killed, that notion conceded by one vote, even though he was a good king, a reformero Capitalism got its theoretical principles from Adam Smitho This was significant - ‘Concert of Europe’: other conservative leaders wanted to bring back the old versiono way they did this was very clever, don’t want one country dominating all of Europe, the best way to ensure this is to have shifting balances of power, don’t want to get tied into permanent alliances because ally might do something really stupid. Example: state of Georgia in 2008, waged war against Russia Italy didn’t exist, Germany didn’t exist.. Took intricate ballet for leaders to carry this outTypes of Radicalismo Nationalists Clearly motivated the American Revolution, has had a fundamental effect between relations of China o Socialists and communistso Communisms: believes in total state control, in essence. Commanding heights of the economy would be owned by the stateo SOCIAL DEMOCRACY: based on the concept that the state should provide, through taxes, sufficient public health for all, free publication for all (including at the university level) benefits (in terms of maternal and fraternal leave). In this type, there is competition between partieso Utopias: look forward to an alternative set of futures. Sometimes their ideas are adopted widely. o Marxists: o Assume we have two groups: one small and one large group. Large is in charge ofpersonal labor, small group would be owners of personal labor. Slaves: slave owners. o Spoke in terms of a surplus theory of value: what was contributed from the big group, slave labor, waged labor, products on land… in turn the small group could engage in luxurious way of livingo Paying taxes to a corrupt government…cant disentangle political and economic systemso Labor theory of valueo Notion of DIALECTIC: concept popularized in early German 19th century, Hagel popularized it. Pair of opposite ideas (yin and yang for example)… cant have harmony without both. Thesis on the one side, then on the other side, ANTITHESIS. Do they live together naturally? No they collide. They are opposties. In colliding they produce something brand new, the synthesis (combination). Marx lineated a series of stages, at the time of primitive agriculture when everything was basically equal. Saw Iriquous as a model for an ideal community. With dev of large scale agriculture… extracted state arose. Fertile crescent etc  Serfdom or Slavery  Living standards went down during the industrial revolutiono Proletiat and Bourgeoisie: in this struggle between these two, there would be violent revolution and as a result communism would emerge. Communist manifesto of 1848: one of the most famous political tracks ever written Marx was living on the prophets of the sweat shops‘Sepoy’ Rebellion: 1857Sepoy means soldier (comes from a Hindi word)British did not expect this outburst, but there were good reasons for it even though it was unprecedented Some reasons for the Sepoy Rebellion o Power of Delhi sultanate was decayingo British were displacing the Moghuls, discontent from religious leaderso Different cultureso Can tell just by the cuisine… see cows wandering all over in Indiao British kept themselves in separate conclaves, early 19th century, significant numbers of spinsters (unmarried English women) were shipped off to India because they could not find a mate back home. This displayed a big change in values.o Anglo Indians became a third/additional group in Indian societyo TAXES: went up! This came about in part because of Corn Wallace (a general from the British side) he got promoted because he was defeated. He engaged in the permanent